• U.S. and Israel launched large-scale military strikes against Iran on February 28, 2026, targeting sites including Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei's compound, resulting in his death.
  • President Trump asserted Iran is expanding its nuclear program and aiming to build missiles capable of striking the United States, though claims about Europe-targeting missiles are unverified.
  • European leaders expressed alarm and called for de-escalation, with France labeling the strikes an "outbreak of war" and urging a UN Security Council meeting.

Military Operation and Intelligence Backing

U.S. Central Command stated the strikes, dubbed "Operation Epic Fury," prioritized locations posing an imminent threat, such as Iranian air defense, drone and missile launch sites, and military airfields. The CIA reportedly spent weeks making inroads with Iranian officials, with this intelligence informing the timing and location of the attacks, according to sources familiar with the matter. The Pentagon has not provided specific evidence of an imminent threat to U.S. troops, leaving some lawmakers questioning the justification.

Disputed Claims and Diplomatic Fallout

During the operation, President Trump emphasized Iran's persistent nuclear expansion and missile ambitions, though the search results do not confirm claims about missiles targeting Europe. Senator Richard Blumenthal (D-Conn.) acknowledged ongoing threats from Iran and its proxies but argued these were being managed with existing defense systems, noting Iran "simply don't have a missile that can reach the United States, and probably won't for years." Arms Control Association executive director Daryl Kimball added it would take Iran months to enrich sufficient nuclear material for a weapon and years to rebuild damaged facilities.

The White House stated diplomacy was Trump's preferred approach, with representatives working in good faith to reach a deal, but "the Iranian regime refused to engage realistically with the United States." Efforts to de-escalate have hit a snag as international tensions rise.

European Reactions and Market Implications

European reactions ranged from alarm to measured concern, with France's President Macron calling the strikes an "outbreak of war" carrying "serious consequences for international peace and security" and demanding an urgent UN Security Council meeting. European Commission President Von der Leyen and European Council President Costa characterized developments as "greatly concerning," urging maximum restraint and respect for international law. EU Chief Diplomat Kallas described the situation as "perilous," highlighting Iran's ballistic missile and nuclear programs as serious threats while emphasizing protection of civilians.

Spanish Foreign Minister Albares demanded respect for international law, stating "Violence only brings chaos" and calling for "de-escalation and dialogue." European Parliament President Metsola warned against "a spiral of escalation that could threaten the Middle East, Europe and beyond." Market analysts are monitoring potential impacts on oil prices and global stability, with real-time data showing volatility in energy sectors.

Human Elements and Ongoing Developments

Attempts to reach Iranian officials for comment were unsuccessful, but sources indicate internal discussions are underway regarding next steps. The strikes have sparked debates over regulatory stability and international partnerships, with some experts noting the need for clearer frameworks to prevent future conflicts. As negotiations remain stalled, the focus shifts to how this will reshape geopolitical alliances and financial markets in the coming weeks.

Correction: An earlier version of this article misstated the date of the strikes; it was February 28, 2026.