PJSC Mining and Metallurgical Company Norilsk Nickel (Nornickel) is Russia's leading metals and mining company and the world's largest producer of palladium and refined nickel, as well as one of the largest producers of platinum and copper; it engages in the exploration, extraction, beneficiation, processing and sale of non-ferrous and precious metals including nickel cathodes, copper cathodes, palladium, platinum, rhodium, gold and cobalt from copper-nickel sulphide ores at its vertically integrated operations; core products also encompass refined nickel intermediates, copper concentrate, nickel concentrate and by-products such as elemental sulphur and sulphuric acid from facilities including Talnakh Concentrator, Norilsk Concentrator, Nadezhda Metallurgical Plant and Copper Plant. The company operates primarily through its Polar Division on the Taimyr Peninsula, Kola Division on the Kola Peninsula, Trans-Baikal assets at GRK Bystrinskoye, and the Harjavalta refinery in Finland; its production sites process rich disseminated and cuprous ores via crushing, milling, flotation and smelting to serve customers in over 30 countries across automotive, electronics, energy and chemical sectors. Founded from the 1935 Norilsk Plant initiative and headquartered in Moscow, Russia, Nornickel maintains geographic operations in Russia, Finland and residual interests in South Africa with a global sales network. Recent developments include the 2023 formation of Polar Lithium LLC joint venture with Rosatom to develop Russia's largest lithium deposit at Kolmozerskoye for battery materials production; ongoing Sulphur Program 2.0 capturing over 95% of captured sulphur by 2025 to cut SO2 emissions 90% in Norilsk following Kola site reductions; plans to relocate Norilsk Copper Plant capacities to China via joint venture for modernization and battery competencies; 2024 issuance of RUB 200 billion in record corporate bonds; and capex growth post-2025 for Talnakh Concentrator stage 3 expansion and Medvezhy Ruchey mining amid intensified Russian projects.