- Business
- Coal India Limited is a state-owned coal mining company headquartered in Kolkata, India, founded in 1975. It is the largest coal producer in the world, operating approximately 310 mines including underground, opencast, and mixed mines. The company’s main products comprise coking coal, semi-coking coal, non-coking coal, washed and beneficiated coal, middlings, and coal fines, which serve primarily the power generation, steel, cement, fertilizer, and brick kiln industries across India. Coal India also operates coal washeries to enhance coal quality. Recent strategic initiatives include a comprehensive transformation strategy announced in 2025 focusing on diversification into coal gasification and renewable energy, expanding underground mining production to 100 million tonnes by 2035, and modernizing logistics and technology infrastructure. As part of this transformation, Coal India plans mechanization of transport arrangements within 4-5 years and deployment of advanced mining technologies. The company aims to increase coal production to 1 billion tonnes by fiscal year 2028-29 to meet domestic demand and reduce coal imports. Coal India is a critical supplier, providing about 55% of India’s energy demand, and continues to evolve with a focus on sustainability and adaptation in the changing energy landscape. It operates through several subsidiaries and holds a dominant position in the Indian coal market in both steam and coking coal segments.