Good morning. Our conference call this morning will review the financial results for the fourth quarter of 2025, ended December 31st, 2025.

Before we begin, let me remind you of the Safe Harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 apply to this conference call. During the course of this call, the company will make various remarks concerning management's expectations, predictions, plans, and prospects that constitute forward-looking statements.

Actual results may differ materially from those projected by these forward-looking statements as a result of a variety of factors, including those identified in the company's news release of February 25th and in various other filings with the SEC. You are cautioned that any forward-looking statements reflect management's current view only and that the company undertakes no obligation to revise or update the statements in the future.

In addition, management may also discuss non-GAAP operating performance results during today's call, including earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation, and amortization, or EBITDA, and adjusted EBITDA. A reconciliation of these non-GAAP results is provided in the company's press release dated February 25th, which is available on the company's website at chemed.com.

I would now like to introduce our speakers for today: Kevin McNamara, President and Chief Executive Officer of Chemed Corporation; Michael Witzeman, Chief Financial Officer of Chemed; and Joel Wherley, President and Chief Executive Officer of Chemed's VITAS Healthcare Corporation subsidiary. I will now turn the call over to Kevin McNamara.

Thank you, Holley. Good morning.

Welcome to Chemed Corporation's fourth-quarter 2025 conference call. I will begin with highlights for the quarter, then Mike and Joel will follow up with additional details.

I will then open the call for questions. The fourth quarter of 2025 fell short of our expectations for both subsidiaries.

We will touch on the circumstances that led to these results, but more importantly, we will discuss what's being done to improve these results for 2026 and beyond. VITAS continues to execute the strategies required to fully mitigate potential Florida Medicare cap billing limitations for the government's fiscal 2026.

Admissions at VITAS during the quarter totaled 17,419, which equates to a 6% improvement from the same period of 2024. An important metric that we have been tracking related to Florida admissions is the percentage of total admissions that come from hospitals.

Our analysis indicates that an appropriate balance for sustained long-term stability in the Florida patient base, given the current mix of referral sources, is that between 42 and 45% of total admissions come from hospitals. During our community access program, this ratio dipped below the preferred range for a sustained period.

In the fourth quarter of 2025, this ratio was 44.8%, which represents a high-water mark during the post-pandemic period. The continued emphasis on short-term hospital-based admissions had two main impacts on the results for the fourth quarter of 2025.

The first impact is that the Florida Medicare cap position the fourth quarter improved by almost $25 million in 2025 compared to 2025. It is important to remember that our fourth quarter is the first quarter of the government fiscal year.

The year-over-year improvement gives management even more confidence that the Florida Medicare cap problem of 2025 is behind us. The second impact is that due to the overwhelming success of garnering elevated short-stay patient admissions, our revenue growth and EBITDA margin were lower than anticipated.

Ultimately, the percentage of total admissions that come from hospitals was higher than we originally budgeted in both the third and fourth quarters of 2025, resulting in this muted revenue growth and EBITDA margin. In mid-January 2026, VITAS management responded to the improved Florida Medicare cap position by instructing operating personnel to begin the process of refocusing admissions to a more balanced approach between hospital admissions and other pre-admission locations.

That process is underway. In the guidance that Mike will discuss further, we have anticipated that the more balanced approach will start being reflected in financial results mainly in the second half of the year.

All patients are short-term patients for the first 30 days after admission, regardless of their pre-admission location. As a result, refocusing the admission patterns will result in revenue growth and EBITDA margin building over the course of 2026.

Finally, in December, we were granted a certificate of need to begin operating in Manatee County, Florida. Manatee County is in western Florida between Hillsborough and Sarasota.

Approximately 3,000 Medicare patients received hospice care in Manatee County during the government's fiscal 2024, which is the most recently published government information. Manatee represents another significant opportunity for VITAS in 2026 and beyond.

Now let's turn to Roto-Rooter. Roto-Rooter revenue declined 3.7% in the fourth quarter of 2025 compared to the same period of 2024.

Branch commercial revenue increased 1.6% compared to the fourth quarter of 2024. We continue to add commercial business managers to select branches during the quarter.

Branches with commercial business managers had percentage revenue increases 10% more than those without them. Roto-Rooter management intends to continue and expand this program in 2026.

Branch residential revenue declined 3.1%. Total leads were flat in the fourth quarter of 2025 compared to the same period of 2024.

As discussed in the past few quarters, the trend of increasing paid leads offset by declining natural leads continues. During the fourth quarter, paid leads increased 9.4% compared to the same quarter of 2024.

The decline in natural leads essentially offset the increase in paid leads. Roto-Rooter management has contracted with a new third-party search engine optimization provider in late December.

The new provider does not provide services to any of our private equity competitors. Additionally, they focus on understanding and responding to the underlying code used by internet search engines to develop their search algorithms.

We believe that these two factors will give us the ability to more positively impact our natural search results in 2026. Write-offs relating mainly to our water restoration business increasingly became an issue over the course of 2025.

In the fourth quarter of 2025, implicit price concessions and credit memos increased at Roto-Rooter by $4 million, or 57%, compared to the fourth quarter of 2024. A similar increase in write-offs was seen in the third quarter of 2025.

The company has put into place modifications to the billing and collection support functions. Collection experience began to improve in early 2026, and we anticipate improvement to accelerate through the course of the year.

Our guidance reflects management's belief that 2026 is expected to be a transition year for both VITAS and Roto-Rooter. VITAS financial results are expected to build over the course of the year as we rebalance our patient mix.

We are very confident the Florida Medicare cap limitation from 2025 is fully behind us. The demographic makeup of the US population, along with the addition of new territories in Florida, provide VITAS with significant growth opportunities over the next several years.

Roto-Rooter continues to deal with a difficult operating environment. However, we have initiatives in place that I believe can lead to modest growth, mainly coming in the back half of 2026.

We anticipate continued improvement in overall leads based on the past few quarters of paid lead generation improvement, plus the impact of the new search engine optimization company. Improved overall leads should lead to modest organic growth in 2026.

The addition of more commercial sales resources is anticipated to further improve organic growth. As Mike will discuss further, improvements we are working on with respect to water restoration billing and collections should provide $4 to $6 million tailwind in 2026.

We believe these improvements, along with an aggressive program to find and reacquire franchises in desirable territories, gives us confidence that we can meet or exceed our 2026 guidance. We believe that the difficult operating environment is temporary, and there has not been any impairment in their underlying long-term growth outlook for Roto-Rooter.

With that, I would like to turn this teleconference over to Mike.

Thanks, Kevin. VITAS net revenue was $418.8 million in the fourth quarter of 2025, which is an increase of 1.9% when compared to the prior-year period.

This revenue increase is comprised primarily of a 1.3% increase in days of care and a geographically weighted average Medicare reimbursement rate increase of approximately 2.2%. The acuity mix shift negatively impacted revenue growth 143 basis points in the quarter when compared to the prior-year revenue and level-of-care mix.

The combination of Medicare cap and other contra revenue changes negatively impacted revenue growth by approximately 20 basis points. A $2.4 million Medicare cap billing limitation was accrued in the fourth quarter of 2025.

There was no Medicare cap billing limitation accrued for our Florida program in the fourth quarter of 2025. Average revenue per patient day in the fourth quarter of 2025 was $208.01, which is 86 basis points above the prior-year period.

During the quarter, high-acuity days of care were 2.2% of total days of care, a decline of 32 basis points when compared to the prior-year quarter. Adjusted EBITDA, excluding Medicare cap, totaled $91.6 million in the quarter, which is a decline of 1.7% when compared to the prior-year period.

Adjusted EBITDA margin in the quarter, excluding Medicare cap, was 21.7%, which is 79 basis points below the prior-year period. The lower EBITDA margin in the quarter reflects the impact of admitting more hospital-based, short-stay patients.

Now let's turn to Roto-Rooter. Roto-Rooter branch residential revenue in the quarter totaled $155.6 million, a decrease of 3.1% from the prior-year period.

This aggregate residential revenue change consisted of plumbing increasing 6.3%, excavation essentially flat, offset by water restoration declining 10.3%, and drain cleaning declining 3.2%. As Kevin mentioned, water restoration write-offs, also referred to as implicit price concessions and credit memos, have been increasing over the course of 2025.

Historically, total write-offs have been slightly below 3% of gross revenue. There was an uptick to the mid 3% range in the first half of '25.

We then experienced a significant jump in the second half of 2025 to over 4.5%. As a result of those increases, total write-offs increased $11 million in fiscal 2025 compared to 2024.

Primarily through the use of artificial intelligence, many insurance companies have increased their scrutiny of every line item on every job we bill. This has led to the higher write-off percentage.

Roto-Rooter management also believes that it has led to a reluctance to bill for certain water restoration services at the branch level. As the scrutiny on collections has increased over the year, billing employees in some branches have reduced their billings per job to help ensure a higher collection rate.

This was the biggest factor that led to the 10.3% decline in residential water restoration revenue in the fourth quarter of '25. In response to this issue, Roto-Rooter is taking steps to improve its documentation through better use of technology.

They have also undertaken a project to centralize water restoration billing and collections. Billing and collections were historically performed at each branch.

This led to some inconsistent practices across the company. Centralizing these processes is expected to create more concentrated expertise and result in better billing and collection results.

The financial impact is expected to be seen mostly in the second half of the year as these improvements take hold. Additionally, during the transition period, we expect some duplication of costs and investment in technology, which will cause some marginal headwinds in the first half of the year.

Roto-Rooter branch commercial revenue in the quarter totaled $55.2 million, an increase of 1.6% from the prior-year period. This aggregate commercial revenue change consisted of excavation increasing 10.9%, drain cleaning increasing 2%, plumbing essentially flat between years, offset by a 20% decline in water restoration.

The water restoration decline is a symptom mainly of the increased insurance scrutiny previously discussed. Roto-Rooter management believes that our commercial business continues to represent a significant opportunity for growth in 2026 and beyond.

Commercial customers generally use our services more often than residential customers. They also have direct access to our local managers and thus generally do not search for us over the internet.

In response to the commercial business opportunity, Roto-Rooter management hired commercial business managers at select branches during 2025. The preliminary results in the branches with commercial business managers are encouraging.

As a result, Roto-Rooter continues to add commercial business managers in early 2026. It is a roughly 45-day process to get these positions trained and productive, which also may cause some marginal drag in the first half of 2026.

Adjusted EBITDA at Roto-Rooter in the fourth quarter of 2025 totaled $47.5 million, a decrease of 21.1% compared to the prior-year quarter. The adjusted EBITDA margin in the quarter was 21.5%.

The fourth-quarter adjusted EBITDA margin represents a 477-basis-point decline in the fourth quarter from the fourth quarter of 2024. The decline in EBITDA margin was caused by higher marketing costs and higher water restoration write-offs.

During the quarter, we repurchased 400,000 shares of Chemed stock at an average price of $436.39. These purchases were funded by the free cash flow generated by both VITAS and Roto-Rooter.

Since the beginning of the program, we have returned over $2.9 billion to shareholders through repurchases at an average cost of approximately $167 per share. Now let's turn to the 2026 guidance.

VITAS revenue prior to Medicare cap is estimated to increase 5.5 to 6.5% when compared to 2025. Average daily census is estimated to increase 3.5 to 4%.

Full-year EBITDA margin prior to Medicare cap is estimated to be 17.5% to 18%. Medicare cap billing limitations are estimated to be $9.5 million in calendar 2026 compared to $27.2 million in calendar 2025.

The estimate for 2026 is in line with our historical run rate prior to 20 25 and includes no limitations related to our Florida combined program. Roto-Rooter is forecasted to achieve full-year 2026 revenue growth of 3 to 3.5%.

Roto-Rooter's adjusted EBITDA margin for 2026 is expected to be 22.5 to 23%. We believe this forecast is achievable based on anticipated improved lead volume in 2026, improved billing and collections in our water restoration service line, and a lift in our commercial business through a commercial-focused sales force.

Based on the above, full-year 2026 earnings per diluted share, excluding non-cash expense for stock options, tax benefit from stock option exercises, costs related to litigation, and other discrete items, is estimated to be in the range of $23.25 to $24.25. This compares to full-year 2025 adjusted earnings per diluted share of $21.55.

The 2026 guidance assumes an effective corporate tax rate on adjusted earnings of 24.5% and a diluted share count of 13.9 million shares. It's important to note that the 2026 earnings trajectory is weighted towards the second half of the year.

We estimate 55% of the consolidated adjusted net income and consolidated adjusted EBITDA prior to Medicare cap is projected to be generated in the second half of the year. I will now turn the call over to Joel.

Thanks, Mike. In the fourth quarter of 2025, our average daily census was 22,462 patients, an increase of 1.3%.

In the quarter, hospital-directed admissions increased 9.9%, home-based patient admissions increased 4.1%, assisted living facility admissions increased 5.6%, and nursing home admissions declined 8.7% when compared to the prior-year period. Our average length of stay in the quarter was 115.1 days; this compares to 105.5 days in the fourth quarter of 2024.

Our median length of stay was 17 days in the fourth quarter of 2025, 1 day less than the median in the fourth quarter of 2024. As Kevin discussed above, we have very successfully transitioned our admission pattern towards more hospital-directed admissions in our Florida combined program.

To add some context to that success, at the end of the fourth quarter of 2025, that Medicare cap billing limitation was less than $2 million. As of the end of January '26, we have no billing limitation in our Florida combined program.

This success has allowed us to begin the process of balancing the admission patterns to a better mix of hospital-based admissions and other pre-admission locations. It's important to remember that hospital-based admissions generally provide for shorter-stay patients than other pre-admission locations.

Admitting more short-stay patients results in ADC pressure and lower margins, as previously mentioned. However, in the first roughly 30 days of any patient's stay with us, the economics are the same for us regardless of their pre-admission location.

Only when a patient exceeds that 30 days do we see the more positive financial impacts. Balancing the mix of admissions will lead to accelerated revenue growth and improved EBITDA margins as the year progresses.

In December 2025, we were notified that we received the new CON to operate in Manatee County, Florida. As Kevin mentioned, this represents another opportunity for significant growth over the next few years.

This is the fourth CON awarded to VITAS over the past two years. The previous awards in Pinellas, Marion, and Pasco counties have met or exceeded our expectations.

Currently, Marion and Pasco are admitting between 40 and 50 first-time Medicare patients per month. In just its second full month of operation, Pinellas admitted 28 first-time Medicare patients.

We will continue to aggressively pursue CON opportunities in Florida in the territories in which we do not currently operate. Now that we believe the Florida Medicare cap issue is behind us, we are focused on returning VITAS to a more normal, sustainable organic growth pattern.

We will look to achieve higher overall growth through the pursuit of new starts, not only in Florida, but other CON states as well. We also continue to evaluate strategic acquisitions to add to VITAS' overall growth.

With that, I'll turn it back to Kevin.

Thank you, Joel. I will now open this teleconference to questions.

Hi. Good morning.

Thanks for taking the question. I guess first couple of questions on the Roto business, thanks for the details around the, I guess, different issues, I guess, happening at the Roto-Rooter.

I guess just to summarize, cuz I think you're trying to address couple of these things, what gives you confidence you can actually grow revenues 3% or so in '26 after revenues were pretty much flat in '25?

Let me start, Joanna. I'll start from 20,000 feet.

We revised guidance at the end of the second quarter of last year. We talked at that time there were struggles at Roto-Rooter.

The problem at VITAS was we were on our way to running a Medicare cap liability in Florida. We announced that we were going to have to make changes to push our mix of hospital-based admissions and community access to a different level, okay?

We made those adjustments to that point. Actually from our perspective, from our calculations, at the end of the third quarter, we were basically right at our guidance.

It might have been a little below what analysts were predicting, but the difference was only seasonality. We were at our level.

The fourth quarter was a 70-cent-per-share miss, okay? Massive.

Big problem. Raises questions like, okay, you've given guidance.

How are you going to reach those numbers? Now, to answer your question, let's start with Roto-Rooter, okay?

Roto-Rooter, as we've said, has been going through a transition, okay? The transition, the most significant transition, is going from a majority of free leads, that is from natural search, to paid leads, okay?

Google's a smart company. They say, why should we give paying customers free leads?

They've been very successful in engineering their algorithms to yield that. That has a negative effect on us as far as number one to answer your question, on sales, has the effect of reducing our natural search leads, okay?

As we mentioned at the end of the fourth quarter, we looked back at the quarter, we said, okay, we have an improvement there. Our paid leads have increased almost 10%.

Unfortunately, natural leads are down almost the equivalent number. Our total leads were flat.

You look at our sales, we would expect sales to be relatively flat in that case and then making improvements, growing to the following year. We had a problem, as we said, with water restoration, and it was an overhang from the first half of the year.

Again, we had various decentralized billing practices. Insurance companies kind of sharpened their pencil, and basically during the course of the year, increasingly, we weren't collecting at the same rate we were expecting.

That dramatically goes right to profitability and sales, okay? We believe that has normalized, as Mike said, not to the 2024 level or 2023 level, but certainly better than the 2025 level.

When we talk about growth, the way I look at the Roto-Rooter numbers, I look at, okay, what's going on with paid search and natural? The paid search is growing nicely.

Last three quarters, almost 10% per quarter, okay? Comes at cost.

We're paying $94 a lead, compared to previously zero on a lot of those leads. That's still a good business, as long as it's stable and growing, that's fine.

We look at our natural leads, okay? Why were they so negatively affected last year?

As we've said in the past, the place that most people get their natural leads from is what's known as the map section of Google, okay? In October of 2024, Roto-Rooter was showing up on the maps nationwide 72% of the time, okay?

Within a few months, that fell to a low of 24% of the time, okay? Massive change in visibility as it's known in the industry.

Accordingly, leads were falling, sales were falling. Tough time for Roto-Rooter.

Looking ahead to 2026, what do we see? We see a business that on the paid lead side, continues to improve.

Let's focus on the visibility, okay? Our visibility, both through some of the internal changes we made and the use of our basically AI-centric natural search firm, our visibility is up to about 35%, up from 24%.

That, to answer your question, that gives me some confidence in saying, yes, as long as we continue those improved rates for growth in Roto-Rooter on the revenue side. There's nothing that has changed in the nature of and quality of the service mark of Roto-Rooter.

Then you add one thing Mike mentioned, again, it's not that surprising given the difficulties in home services. It seems like the availability of repurchases of other franchises is speeding up.

That is giving Mike enough confidence to include that in his remarks. Again, those issues give me a lot of confidence that Roto-Rooter sales are going to be higher this year than the previous year.

Now, I was just going to say the other point is, you got to remember that I think it's an important one, when you talk about overall strength of the business. As we've talked about VITAS with the, call it preloading of Medicare cap cushion in Florida, that's so significant.

Just order of magnitude, we're in about a $28 million better position in cap cushion sitting right now. Right now, I'd say, it's probably higher than that; it's probably more like 35.

Now the question is: Will VITAS be able to grow census to take advantage of that cushion? As we said during our prepared remarks, they're doing that, probably beyond our expectation.

In sort of a sense, that lower margin and lower sales we saw in the fourth quarter was basically just lending. We were borrowing from last quarter to see profits and revenue that we're going to see in this year.

All of those are some of the basic points of what I see happening to what looks like on paper a very bad miss in the fourth quarter. Just in terms of dollars and cents, of that 70-cent mix miss, probably about 30 33% was associated with VITAS getting more of a higher percentage of their admits being short-stay rather than long-stay.

That's something I see as a good thing. That was something ultimately they were trying to do and just were a little more successful at it than initially anticipated.

With regard to the Roto-Rooter side, the lion's share of the miss was associated with the water restoration situation, which we've talked about, and there's every indication that's being ameliorated somewhat. The rest of Roto-Rooter, it's largely the increased marketing costs that comes from getting that 10% increase in paid leads.

It's not a good situation. Again, it shows it's one where we went a long period of time with always exceeding analysts' estimates, and we can't kid ourselves: a 70-cent-per-share miss is not to be trifled with.

It's big and it's causing a lot of change and a lot of renewed emphasis on important matters here at the company and both subsidiaries. Mike, anything to add?

Just to summarize, particularly for Roto-Rooter, Joanna, I would characterize our confidence in the 3 to 3.5% revenue growth in '26 based on three specific things: As Kevin mentioned, some things we've done to change the lead trajectory, hopefully to provide some organic growth, but modest organic growth is built in; the increase in commercial sales force will also lead to some more modest organic growth; and then, as we've talked about, the water restoration write-offs will, we've estimated that of the $11 million that, the increase of write-offs of $11 million, we're going to recover maybe half of that this year, so that's a $5.5 million tailwind. I would say those are the three very key components of how we get to the 3 to 3.5%.

Great. Thank you.

If I may, on the margins, right, for that segment. Obviously things impact their margins and you gave us the guidance for '26, but on the last call, right, you've kind of were talking about targeting a longer-term I guess you were talking about '26, maybe the margins should be closer to 24%, but clearly they will not be there.

Then you also said, longer-term, this business should get 25, 26% margin. Are those targets still on the table, or sort of like we have to think about the business differently?

Thank you.

I think the answer to that question depends on how quickly Roto-Rooter gets back to a more normalized top-line growth path. If they get to somewhere 5% or north revenue growth, I think the 24 to 25% is still achievable.

I don't anticipate the marketing costs to improve dramatically, and so we need to really drive top line and get some leverage based on that revenue growth to offset the marketing costs. Yes, I believe it's achievable, but the path isn't as clear maybe as it had been in the past because of the additional marketing spend.

The other thing I would just mention, and I think it's obvious, Joanna, to you, but you've followed us long enough: We are not too far away from where our margins were pre-pandemic. The 24 to 25 that we've talked about is higher than in the historical Roto-Rooter margins.

We're right now pretty close to what the pre-pandemic margin is. It's just we need to drive some top line and get some leverage from that.

Hey. Good morning, guys.

Mike, yeah, as I think about VITAS first, right? I know in previous calls, you've given some insight into what you thought growth would be on the top line, and obviously in the guidance that you formally gave last night, it's below that range that you previously provided.

Just curious, what is the delta there? Then, how do we think about the progression of VITAS' revenues and EBITDA over the course of the year?

Sure. The from a top-line perspective, and and this also will, I guess, dovetail into your second question about the the the timeline, we're we're sitting right now with a patient mix that for the second half of the year we of '25, we really emphasized the short-stay pre-admission locations, mainly hospitals.

As as you well know, long-stay patients are the ones that generally provide for more revenue growth and EBITDA margin growth. We're sitting today with a patient mix that has let us moderate not moderate, eliminate the Florida Medicare cap issue.

Now we need to we need to refocus the the admission pattern. By doing that, we will get back to the normalized growth rate that we think is somewhere in the 7 to 9% top-line area.

We'll get there. It's just going to take, it's going to build during the year because every patient essentially, when you first admit them, in the first 30 to 45 days, are short-stay patients.

They are negative margin for us for a period of time. They'll they'll become long long-stay patients over time, but in the first quarter, we're can going to continue to have a very elevated number of short-stay patients regardless of the pre-admission location.

It builds over the course of the year. That's why in '26, the revenue is a little bit below our targeted range.

The the cadence of how it goes quarter-to-quarter, the first quarter is going to be muted from a revenue and a and a EBITDA perspective, and then start to to grow and normalize in the second through fourth quarter.

Let me just add one thing. When you're talking about revenue at VITAS, you're talking about ADC.

If VITAS is able to grow ADC, they will grow their revenue. To the extent that they have the ability, a much larger ability in Florida, to go out and seek longer-stay patients, longer-stay patients is how you grow ADC, essentially.

Takes 10 short-stay patients to have the same contribution as one medium-stay patient as far as going to your ADC number. I think what you'll find is that VITAS is already well on its way.

This isn't speculation with VITAS. They're well on their way to growing that average daily census in Florida and beyond.

That makes sense. Then maybe, Kevin, since I have you, shifting gears to Roto-Rooter.

This is a business that used to be very stable and predictable. One question we're getting asked a lot by investors is, is there a structural change or structural impairment that has happened, whether it's VITAS Roto as an asset or the plumbing industry as a whole?

I'm just curious how you're thinking about the cleanliness or the smoothness of the trajectory for Roto going forward, because it feels like every quarter we're bumping up against some speed bumps that are of different natures. Just curious how you're thinking about.

Certainly the last seven quarters, that's the case. What you're describing, we can't get away from it.

Yes, that certainly that's the case. Now, what has been going on during this period?

I would say that the two major issues, let's start with private equity. Introduction of private equity money and practices into our sector, okay?

Had an immediate effect on us. We hired our branch managers with a promise of great riches.

That has stopped. Several of them have seen trees don't grow to heaven, and they've come back to our employ.

The biggest impact aside from just existing and offering services at below cost on the plumbing side, they have disrupted the paid search model. We are paying more per lead than we did 2 years ago.

Keep in mind, we paid the same amount the last three quarters, it hasn't continued to go up. We're winning that battle.

Last three quarters, we've gotten a 10% increase in each of the last three quarters. I consider the threat of private equity largely diminished at this point, okay?

I'm speaking to the overall, saying is there been something changed in the plumbing industry? I think private equity came in and they said, look, they have a different investment horizon.

We're in a marathon, they're in a sprint. They want to build the top line and flip it.

That's a tough competitor, okay? They also, as I said, I'm repeating myself, but they're basically HVAC companies that said, we're very happy with paying $124 per lead, okay, and a lead on a job that they'll say they'll clean any drain for $90, okay?

The reason they're happy doing that is they view that becomes a long-term customer for their HVAC services. That's a tough competitor if you're in the plumbing side.

Roto-Rooter has dealt with that. I'm kind of spinning off here into a different discussion, but I think that of the two major things that Roto-Rooter has been dealing with last seven quarters, private equity, definitely one of them.

I don't see that as a long-term problem for Roto-Rooter at this point, okay? One that is a problem, we're still going on in the transition.

We are going through a transition where Google, we used to get in excess of 55% of our leads on the natural search. Somebody just finds Roto-Rooter in the Google, ignoring the sponsored ads.

That has totally flipped. We're on our way to just over 40% of our leads come on the natural side.

I think there's a firming up in that percentage. Just again, by some of the things that Roto-Rooter's doing, having to do with fighting back on visibility.

To answer your question, is Google going away? No.

No. That is a change in the business.

As Mike says, it's a change that kind of leads us more back to pre-pandemic numbers as far as sales growth and margin, which wasn't the worst of all worlds, okay? If what I would say to your clients that say, what has happened to the plumbing industry, I would say private equity has come in, disrupted everything, but they're seeing that it's tough to provide the service at a loss.

They're not growing. Companies have stopped buying our competitors.

The problem is diminishing rather than increasing. Google, we can't kid ourselves.

We're dependent on Google. We deal with them.

We hope we can keep just having slight improvements in it. The thing that has changed is we've gone from a business where the leads were predominantly free, and now we're paying them out.

Now, let me go back and say, there's nothing wrong with the leads we're paying. They're very profitable.

A good business, getting leads through paid ads. It just has a negative comparison to getting them for free.

No, I would say that with regard to Roto-Rooter, good cash flow, strong growth on the excavation, water restoration side. The water restoration has been a real black eye for us for the last three quarters, but it's something we've looked to put behind us, not by wishful thinking, by the way, by centralizing billing and using our technology to make sure that the support for every bill is almost redundant.

Just that's how you get past the AI censors, as it were, and ultimately get paid. No, I don't have any long-term concerns on Roto-Rooter at this point, to be honest with you.

Brian, the only thing I would add is, from an industry perspective, there's been a lot of talk and a lot of things published that the trades, including the plumbing industry, are pretty resistant to the changes that are coming from artificial intelligence and those sorts of things. We definitely believe that plumbing, the industry itself, has not and is not going to have major changes in the viability of the industry as a whole.

I think, honestly, just to the point of your question, 2026 is the year that Chemed management and Roto-Rooter management show or don't show, but we believe will show the ability to manage that and get back to a more profitable, more sustainable level of growth for Roto-Rooter itself.

Let me put it this way: it comes down to leads. This past quarter, as bad as this past quarter was, our total leads were flat, okay?

Total leads were flat. Unfortunately, like I say, there was a shift between paid and unpaid, but leads were flat, okay?

From those leads, we're increasingly improving our ancillary services, that is excavation, water restoration. If you say, how does Roto-Rooter continue to grow?

It's by having the leads be a little better than flat, continue to grow the ancillary services, and our goal for Roto-Rooter historically has not been double-digit growth, okay? It's not been 30% margins.

It's been growth on the top line of 7 to 8% with 24, 25% margins depending on the seasonality and the quarter. From that, with that cash flow, that has achieved over let's say, prior to this year, over the previous 21 years, that is with the years in which we owned both VITAS and Roto-Rooter, they grew their net income at 11% per annum compounded.

They did that with just the basic blocking and tackling and benefit of good cash flow. We get a lot of questions.

I could talk about this all day because we're going to talk about it all day. People are going to say, is there something significantly wrong with Roto-Rooter?

No, they're going through a difficult period. They're paying for leads that they used to get for free, if you want a one-sentence capsule commentary.

Awesome. Thank you, guys.

Great. Thanks a lot, guys.

Just starting with VITAS, appreciate all the commentary about Florida cap and the dynamics in fourth quarter. Appreciate that you have a little bit more visibility on not having a cap liability in that state, but we're getting a lot of questions on how we square that with the broader higher-level cap stats that we're seeing, specifically the greater than 10% cushion coming down over the last couple of years and also an increase in the 0 to 10% cushion buckets in the liability buckets.

Can you kind of help us think about the cap more broadly, how we think those stats might evolve kind of given the dynamics that we're seeing in Florida, and then also just a little detail on are we at cap risk in other markets? Thanks.

I'm going to turn it over to Joel, and let me start by saying: Keep in mind, in Florida, where we have a dominant position, I want to end the year with 5 to a small percentage. I want to monetize as much of that cap room that we created as possible.

We don't want to cut it too close. I just feel in Florida, we have more control over our destiny than any other state.

Whenever we're talking about cap buckets and what-not, I personally look at it: Florida and everywhere else. Joel, why don't you give

Let me start with just sort of the specific metrics you were talking about then, and then we'll let Joel talk about the color commentary around it. In '26, we see again $9.5 million, which is pretty consistent with where we've been for the five or so years before 2025.

That's comprised of California mainly. California is by far the largest.

Because of some of the things we learned in Florida, the cap liability in California, actually, Joel and his team did some of the same things to help improve California. California has actually gotten a little bit better.

We don't think it's going to ever go to zero, but it in a very manageable position right now. There always has been and there probably always will be some of our smaller programs that bounce in and out of cap based on, they're so small and the cap calculation is so sensitive that if, in a smaller program, we lose a IPU relationship in one hospital, it can have a temporary impact that particular program jumps into cap for a short period of time.

That's what you're seeing is the cap liability in total has not changed. Small programs that we think are currently projected to be in cap, but it's 50/50 and they're very small liabilities.

That's why you see the number of programs look like it's going up, but the dollar amount isn't, because it's just small programs that from time to time do this, and they always have for the entire time that we've owned VITAS.

Joel, give your opinion. I don't want to color it.

Are you that concerned with non-California or Florida cap?

I am not, and primarily for this reason: We are utilizing all of the very effective strategies that we have lifted up within the Florida CCN in every single potential cap market we have out there. Now, if you look at fourth quarter specifically, that's the first quarter of the Medicare cap year, you have full revenue, but the slate is wiped clean on admissions, you are starting over on a new year.

We always see some of the small programs dip into cap in that first quarter of the Medicare cap year. We have no additional concerns about major programs out there that we expect a Medicare cap billing limitation for '26 that we have not seen previously.

To Mike's point, we've made very good progress in the state of California with our historical programs that have been in Medicare cap. We've talked previously about why that happens in California.

The short answer to that, Ben, is that no, we have no additional concerns specific to cap, and in fact, we're very happy with the progress we're making and our ability to minimize that billing limitation in CCNs outside of Florida, and as we indicated, with no billing limitation within the Florida CCN.

Thanks, guys. Appreciate the color.

Just a quick one on Roto-Rooter. We also have a lot of questions on kind of how we model the margin impact on the paid search mix versus the natural search mix, specifically that $90-some-odd-dollar per lead number that you've thrown out there.

Kind of how does that look on a conversion-adjusted basis, assuming some of those leads don't quite convert or there's no follow-through? Is there a stat that we can think of in terms of the conversion-adjusted dollars per lead on a paid search?

Sure. As you mentioned, we're paying roughly $90 per lead, and that hasn't changed over the last few quarters.

Historically, and then continuing today, it takes between 1.5 to 2 leads to convert to a paying job. You're looking at $150 to $180 customer acquisition cost for a paying job on the jobs we do from a paid lead standpoint.

That's I think roughly 60 to 65% of our leads are paid at the moment.

That's helpful. Thank you.

My remarks are limited to the fact that we had a tough quarter, but there is, at least on this side of the line, abundant confidence that the guidance we make is guidance we want to hit. We know that it's bad enough to have bad results, but it's even worse to misguidance.

To the extent that the guidance is out there, we are very confident. Based on our results in the most recent quarters, I can see why reasonable investors might say, okay, forget last year, but how are they even going to make this year?

I was going to say that when you combine some of the trends we've talked about and insight, again, we're more confident now than we are on the normal guidance, be honest with you. With that, I would just like to thank everyone for their attention, and we'll be back 3 months from today.

Thank you.