Thank you, and good morning, everyone. Welcome to Live Oak's fourth quarter 2025 earnings conference call.

We are webcasting live over the internet, and this call is being recorded. To access the call over the internet and review the presentation materials that we will reference on the call, please visit our website at investor.liveoak.bank and go to the Events & Presentations tab for supporting materials.

Our earnings release is also available on our website. Before we get started, I'd like to caution you that we may make forward-looking statements during today's call that are subject to risks and uncertainties.

Factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations are detailed in the materials accompanying this call and in our SEC filings. We do not undertake to update the forward-looking statements to reflect the impact of circumstances or events that may arise after the date of today's call.

Information about any non-GAAP financial measures referenced, including reconciliation of those measures to GAAP measures, can also be found in our SEC filings and in the presentation materials. I will now turn the call over to our President, BJ Losch.

Great. Thanks, Greg.

Good morning, everybody. Thanks for joining us.

Let's get started on slide four. 2025 was quite an interesting year.

Here at Live Oak, I'm really, really proud of the way we navigated through those interesting times. Macro uncertainty persisted throughout the year, whether it was DOGE or tariffs or the uncertain economy and, ultimately, three rate decreases from the Fed late in the year.

We continued to navigate through a small business credit cycle, and our loan portfolio showed continued credit stabilization over the course of the year. We significantly improved our operating processes and controls.

We successfully executed on our first preferred offering. We finished the year nicely with some outsized venture gains from our ventures portfolio.

Yet, even with that busy and potentially distracting backdrop, we produced some excellent results, as you can see on slide five. A few of the biggest highlights were record loan production, 17% loan growth, 27% core PP&R growth, 17% revenue growth, and 13% tangible book value growth, in addition to accelerating our momentum in our key growth initiatives of Live Oak Express and checking.

I'm particularly proud of this two-year view of our production on slide six. 57% growth in loan production across both our small business and commercial groups, and importantly, strong pipelines heading into 2026.

As proud as I am of those production results, what matters most is how you translate that into profitable operating leverage. You can see on slide seven that those results are simply outstanding, with adjusted PP&R of 27% over 2024 and adjusted EPS up 49%.

New customer acquisition and growth like this doesn't just happen by accident. Our people and how we deliver excellent customer service make the difference.

Our goal is to continue this momentum and deliver earnings outcomes that are more consistent and sustainable over time. While credit has been top of mind for us and for investors over the past year, perspective is always important.

On slide eight, you can see our credit trends over 10 years relative to all other SBA lenders. While default rates had moved higher over the last two years as PPP and stimulus tailwinds have burned off and rates rose rapidly, Live Oak's performance has consistently been well ahead of peers.

Thankfully, we know small businesses and are great credit managers, and we're hopeful that these trends start to moderate back towards the long-term trendlines sooner rather than later. Finally, we continue extending our customer product offerings with checking and small-dollar SBA loan capabilities.

Both of these efforts launched in early 2024, and in just 24 months, our teams have made significant gains in winning customer checking relationships and serving more small business borrowers. At the beginning of 2024, only roughly 6% of our customers had both a loan and deposit relationship with us.

Today, that percentage is 22%, and we've got a lot more runway to travel. On the small-dollar 7(a) front, what we call Live Oak Express, production is ramping up meaningfully and will continue to do so.

These loans are also very desirable on the secondary market and are leading to nice gain-on-sale increases. There's a lot more upside to this business as well.

We're just starting. I couldn't be prouder of how our people are taking care of customers, making our operations better, and profitably growing our company.

Thank you to all Live Oakers for the momentum that they have built heading into 2026. With that, Walt, how about running through some of the financial highlights for the quarter?

Thanks, BJ. Good morning, everyone.

As outlined on page 11, we had an outstanding end to our 2025 campaign, with Q4 producing $44 million in net income and 95 cents of earnings per share, both of which were approximately three times Q4 of 2024. Our strong performance was aided by: excellent growth in core profitability trends, as seen both on reported and adjusted PP&R improvement year over year; genuinely improving credit trends and our fourth consecutive quarter of lower to stable provision expense; and $28 million in net gains in our ventures investment portfolio, primarily driven by the $24 million gain from the Aperture sale.

Growth remains excellent, as Q4's loan production of $1.6 billion capped off our highest year of loan production in company history with $6.2 billion, driving the 17% annual loan balance growth. Outstanding loan origination that you just won't see replicated broadly across the industry.

We love to see the progress across our two focused initiatives of growing business checking and originating Live Oak Express loans. Business checking balances of $377 million doubled year over year, materially benefiting our interest expense line, while Live Oak Express contributed $12 million towards our gain-on-sale totals in 2025.

Now let's get into the details on the following pages. Page 12 provides a financial snapshot of our Q4 earnings results, with quarter-over-quarter demonstrated improvement across all major profitability and growth metrics.

On the bottom right of the page, you will see several notable items included within our reported results, headlined by the $28 million net investment gains from our Live Oak Ventures investment portfolio. In addition, we had approximately $11 million of offsets from warrant losses, capitalized software accelerated depreciation, severance, and allocations of funding to our donor-advised fund.

I continue to be very excited about our operating leverage trends highlighted on slide 13, as was BJ. Q4's adjusted PP&R of $64 million, as detailed in slide 28, is 21% higher than Q4 of 2024, while our adjusted EPS has doubled over the same time period.

That doesn't tell the full story, as it includes approximately $5 million of accelerated depreciation of capitalized software and severance expenses, as well as intentional decisions to delay some loan sales until 2026, which we'll touch on more shortly, due to the large aforementioned investment gains. Slide 14 breaks down the $1.6 billion of loan originations by vertical and business unit.

A few quick things to hit on here. Approximately 70% of our verticals originated more production in 2025 than they did in 2024.

Both small business and commercial lending teams delivered double-digit year-over-year balance sheet growth rates. Slide 15 illustrates our loan and deposit balance growth, highlighting the strong, consistent trends on both fronts.

Our total loan portfolio grew approximately 4% linked quarter, with year-over-year loan balances increasing approximately 17%. That's just outstanding, durable growth.

Q4's customer deposit growth was slightly down linked quarter, as was expected due to typical Q4 seasonality, yet our year-over-year customer deposit growth rate was 18%, which is fantastic growth in a very, very competitive market. As I mentioned earlier, we continue to be very excited about the momentum we are seeing in business checking, as highlighted on page 16.

We saw our fourth consecutive quarter of growth, with checking balances increasing 4% linked quarter to $377 million, and are highly encouraged by our progress in deepening customer relationships. As BJ noted, 22% of our customers now have both a loan and a deposit account with us, and 37% of new loan customers also opened a checking account in Q4.

Our total low-cost deposits, including non-interest-bearing checking balances, low-cost collateral construction, and loan reserve accounts, now totals approximately 4% of our total deposit base, a 2x increase year over year, and tremendously accretive to our earnings profile. Our net interest income and margin trends are detailed on slide 17.

In Q4 of 2025, we saw our quarterly net interest income increase $8 million, or 7% linked quarter, and $26 million, or 26% compared to Q4 of 2024. Driving the Q4 increase in net interest income were both our continued outstanding growth, as well as our net interest margin expansion of 5 basis points quarter over quarter, aided by our deposit portfolio repricing downwards in response to the 50 basis points of Fed cuts in Q4, while our variable quarterly adjust loan portfolio did not reprice until January 1st.

As in the past, when we have seen large Fed moves downward of 50 basis points in a quarter, you will see near-term compression as our deposit pricing and strong volume catch up, and we continue our upward trajectory on net interest income. Historically, our model operates well in a lower interest rate environment once we navigate the journey down as our deposit pricing adjusts.

Currently, our base outlook for the Fed consists of three Fed cuts in March, June, and September of 2026. Any less cuts or cuts later in the year will provide an earnings opportunity for the bank.

Moving to guaranteed loan sale trends on slide 18, gain-on-sale was intentionally down this quarter as our large investment gains provided loan sale flexibility, essentially allowing us to delay sales until a future quarter while increasing our loans held for sale by approximately $60 million quarter over quarter to maximize net interest income for a few additional months. This is a similar tactic that we have deployed in the past when we have large investment gains.

Looking back at 2025, we are more than pleased with the momentum that we are seeing in our Live Oak Express product and the immediate impact it has had on our earnings, providing for a meaningful 20% of our gain-on-sale, or $12 million, a 2x what it contributed in 2024. We remain very focused on ramping our Live Oak Express originations, as that will continue to be the primary driver of our gain-on-sale growth going forward.

Expense and efficiency trends are detailed on slide 19. Q3's reported non-interest expense of $89 million included approximately $6.6 million of one-time expenses detailed within the notable items section back on slide 12.

We remain heavily focused on improving both our customer and our employee experiences, and implementing technology and operational improvements across our entire business, all with the goal of creating raving fans, moderating expense growth and thus improving efficiency, and providing a solid, mature foundation to support our growth. Taking a look at credit on slide 20, over 30 days past due remained low for the fifth consecutive quarter, with $10 million, or 9 basis points of our held-for-investment loan portfolio past due as of December 31st.

The amount of nonaccrual loans increased to $110 million, or 91 basis points of our unguaranteed held-for-investment loan portfolio in Q4. The linked-quarter increase in here was primarily driven by SBA credits, and is consistent with the broader SBA industry trends, which Live Oak continues to outperform.

Our reserve levels declined modestly in line with the improving trends in past dues, classified assets, and net charge-offs. All together, improvements across these metrics show that the uptick in nonaccruals is manageable.

Capital levels remain healthy and robust, as shown on page 21. Q4's strong results matched our asset growth, keeping our capital levels relatively flat linked quarter.

A few thoughts on the forward outlook. We are very optimistic about the opportunity in front of us in 2026 and beyond.

On the revenue front, we generally see a stable or low-rate environment coupled with continued strong loan growth as the favorable backdrop for our bank's growth, margin, and credit outlook. Our two strategic initiatives in business checking and Live Oak Express are ramping nicely, with plenty of runway to continue to drive deeper relationships, increase fee revenue, and lower funding costs.

We have refocused our expense base and investments on the best opportunities, which will moderate the growth rate while better supporting strong revenue growth. The possibilities that AI and tech innovation provides across the bank are enticing, and will enhance our customer service and efficiency, with active efforts ongoing.

Above all else, we have an amazing culture, team, and brand here at Live Oak Bank that is irreplicable. With that being said, thank you again for joining this morning.

BJ, back to you for closing comments before we hit the Q&A.

Excellent. Thanks, Walt.

Let's just take some questions.

Thank you. Good morning, everyone.

Just first, NII and the NIM, very strong in the quarter, nice expansion there. Can you just talk about some of the dynamics into the first quarter, the impact of the last two cuts, the impact of loan yields as there's likely some lag, also deposit costs, and then just consequently, NII and the NIM in the first quarter relative to the fourth?

Walt, I believe you mentioned some compression in the NIM, but higher NII, but if you could just flesh that out a little bit, that'd be great.

Yeah. Hey, Crispin.

It's Walt. Thanks for the question.

I think you hit the nail on the head. Kind of go back to some of the comments I made in the prepared remarks.

Typically, anytime you see 50 basis points of Fed cuts in the quarter, the following quarter, as we have a large variable quarterly adjust loan portfolio that reprices on the first business day. That'll drive both NIM and net interest income compression in the near term.

The good news, which is essentially the beauty of Live Oak and our growth engine, is that as deposit pricing continues to adjust, growth really pushes us back to that up and to the right migration in both net interest income and NIM fairly quickly. Really, and the steepness of that slope on that up and to the right migration is largely going to depend on your whatever Fed outlook or forward curve you're thinking or taking a look at.

I think a good proxy if you're kind of looking for a guide for what Q1 could look like in terms of NIM, back in Q3 of '24, we had 50 basis points of Fed rate cuts right at the end of September. You can see kind of the quarter-over-quarter change in Q4 of 2024 as a result of that.

Okay. Great.

Helpful color there. Then just on gain-on-sale income, down materially in the fourth, not a major surprise, at least directionally, because of the shutdown.

Then you also mentioned the Aperture gain drove some of that decision to hold more. I think you typically sell more in the back half of quarters, but is that changing in the first quarter because of the shutdown?

Have you been active selling in early '26? Then just when you look at the first quarter, how would you think gain-on-sale income should trend just as you look at more normalized quarters like the first three of 2025?

I would expect that it would be kind of higher than that just when you look at the fourth, but just want to kind of check to see what you're thinking there.

Yeah. Thanks, Chris.

It's Walt again. I think the government shutdown really didn't impact us much in Q4.

I think we saw a little bit of a timing delay in certain loans, but as you saw that you have strong SBA production in the quarter. We're able to get kind of all of our loans, as we talked about on the last earnings call, kind of positioned to close once the government opened up, and that's exactly what we did.

As you think about gain-on-sale trajectories, I don't think anything will change between when we sell loans versus January versus February or March. I think it'll still be much more to the mid to the back end of the quarter.

That's our typical approach. I think Q1 historically for us is our lowest quarter of the year.

I know Q4 of 2025 was a little bit different because of fintech gains, but I would expect our Q1 to be much more in line with the Q1 of 2025, and then that's typically when we start our up and to the right stair-step momentum within the gain-on-sale line.

All right. If I'm looking at 1Q '25, even though that there was a little bit of lag there, it's could be below that kind of 2Q, 3Q level.

I think it would be closer to what you're seeing in Q1 of 2025. Yeah.

Our Q1 of 2026 will be closer to what you see in Q1 of 2025. It'll be a step up versus what you saw in Q4.

Then that gets us back into, that's I think Q1 of 2025 was in the $15 million range of total gain on sale. That feels appropriate.

All right. Thank you.

Appreciate it, Walt.

Sure. Yep.

Thanks, Crispin.

Hi. Good morning, everybody.

Hey, David.

Not to beat a dead horse on the margin outlook, but I just wanted to maybe get some thoughts on the trajectory. Appreciate the commentary on the first quarter, you've got three cuts embedded in your guidance.

Obviously, there's just going to be a lot of moving parts, right? You got the tailwinds from the deposit repricing in the prior cuts, the headwinds on the assets repricing lower on the rate-sensitive stuff.

I just was curious if you could help us think through, with the three cuts that you've got embedded, how do you think about the margin trajectory over the course of the year? Do you think we can, given the tailwind from the prior cuts, we can actually see some expansion?

Kind of just help us think through that trajectory over the course of the year.

Yeah. I think, David, this is Walt again.

Really, thing that we think about is not only what the Fed cuts are going to do. It's the timing and the severity of those cuts.

Stable environments work really well for us. If you saw Q4 of 2024, we saw compression.

Then with a stable environment, we saw nice NIM expansion throughout the year. With 25 basis points of Fed cut assumptions, that allows our deposit pricing to catch up relatively quickly.

Ultimately, we'll expect that step down here in Q1, and then our expectation is to go back on that, starting to see an up and right trajectory or NIM expansion as we move through the year, largely is going to be driven by growth. Now, obviously, deposit market is very competitive, and we have to do what we need to do to continue to fund our outstanding growth.

David, like we talked about in the past, we at Live Oak, even with a 3- call it anywhere from a 3.15 to a 3.50 NIM, we think that's really attractive. We focus a lot on net interest income.

That's the beauty of kind of the Live Oak model, right, where you can have a double-digit net interest income growth year over year, even with some variations from your margin trajectory.

Absolutely. Terrific.

That's helpful. Then, obviously, there was a lot of noise on the expense side this quarter.

You alluded to some of the things. Just was hoping you could give us some puts and takes on expenses.

You've got a lot of investments on the horizon. We talked about the Live Oak Express ramping up.

We talked about embedded finance. Could you just help us think through a good core expense run rate from here, what you're investing in, and how you think about funding those investments, just as I know you've really been focused on expense management?

Hey, David. It's Walt again.

Thanks. Great question.

We're really trying to do our best to make sure that we're balancing both revenue and expense growth. As BJ mentioned and I mentioned in kind of looking at the operating leverage slides, we've done a really good job of that, especially over the last few years, but even if you extend it past five years with our PP&R trajectory.

I think where we're investing, the two strategic priorities for us of both business checking and Live Oak Express are heavy focal points. The areas with AI and application and kind of across our operational areas of the bank, and our loan origination platform is really exciting.

I think from an expense growth rate, we mentioned that in our prepared remarks, we expect that to moderate quite a bit. That's something probably likely in the single digits year over year just as we think through just making sure that we're putting our money strategically in the right places.

Okay. That's helpful.

Then just quickly touching on credit, there's some mixed trends there. Just wanted to get your color on what are you hearing from your clients.

Where are some of the pressure points that you're seeing as you look into the portfolio? Are there any segments that there's more pressure, and what drove that increase in nonaccruals?

Just how do you think credit trends near term, and any color on the classified asset trends specifically would be helpful as well?

Yeah. Good morning.

Michael Cairns here. I'm happy to talk about credit a little bit here.

My view on this quarter was it was a fairly uneventful and stable quarter when you compare it to where we were last quarter. The past dues are low, and to your point or your question, classified loans are flat to slightly improving over the quarter.

When you think about nonaccrual loans, those live within our classified loan portfolio. When we determine that there are classified loan, at that point, we're assessing the reserve and potential losses against those loans.

Natural progression of a classified loan or the reason we identify as a potential problem loan is because payment defaults could happen. You're seeing that in the nonaccrual balances, but you're not seeing a spike in reserve or provision expense because we've already assessed the potential losses within that pool.

Then and I know Walt touched on this already, but when you look at the SBA data, 2025, we still saw higher industry defaults. Live Oak wasn't immune to that, but we also fared significantly better than the industry.

When I think about that, I think about the fact that we have always maintained our credit culture, we don't stretch on underwriting standards, and a lot of credit really to our lending staff who are out there historically and today finding loan growth without sacrificing credit quality. I think that's what has set us up to be a favorable position to the industry and also what will pay dividends for us in the future.

Then, when you also think about the interest rate cuts that happened in the back half of 2025, our borrowers haven't felt the benefit of that quite yet, but they should in 2026. I expect some relief there, especially if we see some additional cuts.

Again, I don't know if I touched on this or not, but the SBA portfolios makes up the chunk of the nonaccrual balances in the classified. With all that, I felt like it was a pretty stable quarter.

That was great color. Thanks.

Hey, good morning, guys.

Morning, Dave.

Hey, Walt. I just want to go back to your comments on the margin.

You mentioned down similar to that trend in 4Q '24, I believe. It looked like that was down about 18 basis points that quarter.

Just want to make sure that that was sort of the magnitude that you were thinking about. Then on slide 17, you guys included a newer line in that, it's other loan income.

There was about 6 basis points on the margin for the quarter. It was just wondering what that was exactly and is that something that's going to reverse?

Does that roll off in 1Q or does that stay in the margin? Just trying to figure out if that's incremental to what you guys saw in terms of the trend in 4Q '24.

Thanks.

Sure. Hey, Dave.

This is Walt. Thanks for the question.

On the other loan income, I'll start there. That line was inflated more than we typically see in any given quarter.

It's really related to a few large solar and senior housing loans that paid off that had pretty high prepayment penalties. That's something that we don't expect to see in a run rate moving forward and especially not to that degree.

Then, as you think about the trajectory, back in Q4, after the 50 basis points of cuts, yeah, I think that's in a reasonable range. I think the one thing that's helping us this year is that we were able to get out in front of the variable loan portfolio repricing on January 1st with some deposit rate reductions there at the end of Q4, and also we're able to already start to reduce some pricing again here in Q1.

We're doing what we can to mitigate it. I think the other factor there is, our pipeline hasn't really slowed down at all.

We're expecting a pretty strong Q1 in terms of growth. That's going to hopefully help manage that NIM compression that they're taking a look at.

Okay. Great.

Appreciate that. Then just on expenses, just want to make sure I heard you right.

Were you saying mid-single-digit growth for expenses next year, slower than what we saw this year? Okay.

That's right. Yeah.

Great. Then just on Live Oak Express, it was good detail you had in here, the $12 million of gain on sale for '25.

I guess, bigger picture, what are you thinking for the trajectory there? Is that something that could double in '26?

Could it go even higher than that? What are your thoughts there?

Dave. This is Walt again.

I'll start and then, BJ, you want to add in, too, from the Live Oak Express efforts. I think we're doing what we can to really make sure that we're building top of the funnel in that space.

We did see a slow down in our Live Oak Express originations the back half of 2024 after the SBA SOP changes in June. We had to essentially reset kind of our expectations, make sure that we rebuild the pipeline with borrowers after just essentially updating them, educating them on what those SOP changes were.

Look, I think doubling is very aspirational. I think it'll be something less than that.

I'll let BJ talk and add in if he has any comments.

I think at cruise altitude, our aspirational goals are a billion dollars a year of production at cruise altitude. That's not next year.

That's over time. When we started down the road of building out a Live Oak Express product, it was really by brute force.

I think we've talked about it before that we just never really focused on the small-dollar lines. Our average loan size was more in the $1.2 or $1.3 million average loan size range.

We started just kind of trying to see how we could do it. What we're doing now is intentionally building capabilities so that we can fill the top of funnel, to speak, and get a lot more leads that we can then work in a much more efficient manner.

For instance, we are building and co-developing a next-generation loan origination platform, which will make it simpler, easier, faster, and more efficient for our people to serve our customers much more quickly and get to decisions and funding a lot faster. We have engaged outside expertise in our marketing group that are expert in performance marketing to find ways to better target customers that are out there searching for loans that we can do through our Live Oak Express product.

We are making sure that our lenders, which have been carrying the bulk of the water up to now in terms of referrals, can even find more avenues for those referrals. We're encouraging them to do that both through how we provide them resources, but then also making it part of the incentive plans that we have for them to grow the business.

We've kind of got a multifaceted way of going after this intentionally. We think that we'll continue to see growth over the next several years towards that aspirational target of a billion a year.

All right. Great.

Thanks, guys.

Hey, good morning. Thanks for taking my questions.

My first one is kind of a follow-up on this discussion around Live Oak Express. We're more than six months now into these SOP changes regarding the smaller dollar loans, which I think we're now starting to see how that has pressured volume on maybe some of your competitors.

Is there any way you're able to maybe not quantify, but characterize the impact that that has had on your competitors? Is that made it a little bit easier for you to win some market share in the smaller dollar space?

Also has that impacted pricing, yields, anything like that?

On the latter, I don't think that we've seen an impact on pricing or yields quite yet. On the former, I think we've started to see that.

We've started to see some lenders back away, first the nonbank lenders because they were seeing a lot of the biggest credit pressures. We're starting to see bank lenders be a little more choosy on what they do, which makes a lot of sense.

We want a healthy SBA 7(a) industry. We have always been very intentional from the outset on our small-dollar lending products.

We don't play at the highest, highest end of the pricing game. We don't chase spotty credit.

We want businesses, small businesses to succeed. Our total addressable market, to speak, on the smaller side is going to be reduced somewhat because we're going to be choosier about who we do business with.

On the flip side, we're going to make it so easy for customers to do business with us, and we're going to target people that have a propensity to do business with us like they want to, and they're going to get the full power of our brand and our people and our technology over time, such that we think that that's going to be a huge differentiator between what they currently get today, particularly on the small-dollar side, and what Live Oak is going to deliver. I'm really excited about how we're actually thoughtfully building out this business, and I think it'll be quite substantial and a huge part of what we do on the SBA side for years to come.

Interesting. That was great color.

Thank you. I was also wondering on the flip side of this, if since everyone is now required to do basically full underwriting and the upfront guarantee fees and everything is essentially equal for the larger loans, are you seeing some of your competitors now kind of move back to Live Oak's more traditional loan size at all?

Not necessarily. Not that we can discern.

We haven't seen much change from that perspective, Tim.

Okay. Then, I was also looking for maybe an update on the opportunities and internal development you guys are doing with regards to AI.

Chip has brought this up a few times on conference calls. Was looking for an update there.

What are kind of the tangible use cases you're exploring and what are the benefits it can provide you, whether that's internal efficiency efforts or creating a better experience for customers?

Sure. I'll just give a quick update on that.

I think starting with our technology and our Labs teams, all of our developers are using Cursor next-generation AI-based developing software. I'm not sure that that's going on across the rest of the industry, but having all of our people well-versed in that, we made that pivot very quickly.

That's number one, and that's helpful. We are intentionally educating and introducing our people to AI, first with things like Copilot, but then also things like putting all our information into proprietary large language models that they can then query and use for analytics specifically related to our customer information, our portfolios, and our business.

That's kind of fundamental, and maybe a lot of people are doing that. Then what we're looking at is a multipronged approach on how we go after this.

I think if you just look at modernizing what you do in technology or in operations or revenue-generating parts of an organization and just simply say, "We want to put in AI. AI's going to solve everything," it's not.

What we're looking at is a way to say, "How do we go to major parts of the organization, understand what the pain points are that don't make it easy or simple or fast or efficient for our people and our customers, and to fix those sometimes with just better process, sometimes with eliminating manual process, and then more and more with AI?" It's a combination of being intelligent around that.

We're going to major departments and groups like loan operations and secondary markets and deposit operations and those areas to modernize those using AI and other tactics. We're also asking everybody in our organization to be knowledgeable about just doing things better and more efficient, whether it's using AI or not using AI.

Then thirdly, we're going to create a dedicated team that is thinking about how over the next three to five years, we create an AI-native bank. What does that mean?

What does that look like? We have the innovative history here and technology that was born out of our founders, and we're constantly thinking about how to do that better.

You'll see more and more use cases, tangible use cases from us over time as we start to build out what that means to be an AI-native bank.

Got it. That was great.

Thank you. If I get one more question, kind of a follow-up on the credit discussion.

I think Michael mentioned we're not seeing any kind of spike in the provision expense. What should we expect going forward in terms of provision if credit continues to gradually improve over the course of the year like it has over the last few months?

Should provision be stable? Can it moderate a little bit further, or is this kind of where it's going to stay?

I'll start. Hey, Tim.

It's Walt. I'll jump in, too, and then Michael can add on.

I think if you think about stabilizing credit trends, I think one thing you have to remember for us with being a high-growth bank, that growth and CECL typically don't get along real well. Growth will continue to drive our provision expense, along with our portfolio trends as well.

I think kind of what you've seen over the last three quarters is a really good view of kind of a stabilizing portfolio with stabilizing credit trends. That should give you kind of a broad view of what you can expect kind of going forward, assuming the same level of growth.

Yeah. That's a fair point on provision.

I guess we should think about maybe the reserve percentage staying about level.

Yeah. That's about right.

Got it. All right.

Thank you.

Hey. Good morning, guys.

How are you?

Morning, Billy.

Just a question on your business checking initiatives. Given the strong momentum in your comments and the strong performance you had over the past year, do you have any updated thoughts about how we should think about the funding mix looking out over the next year or two, given the increased growth in NIB?

Yeah. I'll start there, Billy.

I think we've been able to get to about 4% of our non-interest-bearing deposits, as I mentioned earlier. Ultimately, our aspirational goal over just kind of BJ mentioned with Live Oak Express, is over time to get up towards in that 15% of our deposit base.

Again, that's not going to happen next year. I think we saw 2% of non-interest-bearing a year ago, 4% this year.

I think that trajectory makes sense, as we kind of move into 2026, if you just think about leveraging that growth rate. Got it.

Thank you. That's helpful.

Then just a couple housekeeping items on the decision to hold on to more of your gain-on-sale loans. Just did you size up how much the benefit was to the margin or NII from holding on to the higher held-for-sale loans this quarter?

Then also, did you use this opportunity to maybe portfolio some more of the production in 4Q?

I'll jump in on that, Billy. The benefit for NII of about $60 million of HFS, given our our spreads and our margins, is, likely in the call it $1.8 to $2.5 million range.

A year. A

a year. Sorry.

That that's correct. Divide that by four, and that kind of gives you So it's not overly material for Q4 itself.

As far as portfolioing, I I don't think that's what we'll we'll likely do. I've always, kind of aspired to get to the point where we're building a kind of what we used to call a treasure chest, but essentially is a it's a portfolio of held-for-sale guaranteed loans that we can sell at any given point.

Gives us some good momentum going into into Q1. We'll likely monetize, that additional $60 million here in in in Q1.

Then that gives us some flexibility for loans that we originate in Q1 to then kind of get a give us a head start into Q2 and so forth.

Got it. Thank you for taking my questions.

Sure. Thanks, Billy.

See you next quarter. Thanks.