AG Mortgage Investment Trust, Inc. Financial Ratios — MITT-PB

Profitability (USD)

	2011 Y	2012 Y	2013 Y	2014 Y	2015 Y	2016 Y	2017 Y	2018 Y	2019 Y	2020 Y	2021 Y	2022 Y	2023 Y	2024 Y	2025 Y
As of date	12/31/2011	12/31/2012	12/31/2013	12/31/2014	12/31/2015	12/31/2016	12/31/2017	12/31/2018	12/31/2019	12/31/2020	12/31/2021	12/31/2022	12/31/2023	12/31/2024	12/31/2025

Return on Common Equity (%)	- -	31.15	-7.66	17.21	0.06	10.04	20.06	-2.27	14.34	-118.07	32.78	-24.13	12.88	11.53	8.27
Return on Assets (%)	- -	4.32	-0.74	3.06	0.42	2.2	3.69	0.04	2.35	-14.65	4.38	-1.37	1.02	0.85	0.62
Return on Capital (%)	- -	26.96	- -	- -	1.48	7.19	5.37	- -	9.4	- -	4.99	- -	1.03	0.86	0.63
Return on Invested Capital (%)	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Gross Margin (%)	- -	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100	100
EBITDA Margin (%)	- -	- -	308.93	- -	- -	- -	- -	20.23	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Operating Margin (%)	- -	- -	308.93	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Incremental Operating Margin (%)	- -	2.14	14.87	16.96	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Pretax Margin (%)	- -	90.6	408.93	81.44	30.28	74.74	82.97	-104.68	79.21	107.19	75.17	578.56	100.46	74.15	65.49
Profit Margin (%)	- -	90.6	419.26	84.35	40.16	76.57	92.86	13.58	82.06	107.44	108.32	717.08	97.93	74	64.31
Net Income to Common Margin (%)	- -	87.82	598.08	73.96	1.01	60.37	82.31	-103.06	67.82	112.68	88.79	964.81	64.53	48.3	36.24
Effective Tax Rate (%)	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	0.2	1.79
Dvd Payout Ratio (%)	21.11	35.29	-178.1	71	19,518.81	106.16	53.03	-554.48	75.67	-3.33	12.69	-27.18	49.2	49.02	89.29
Sustainable Growth Rate (%)	- -	20.16	-21.29	4.99	-12.59	-0.62	9.42	-14.87	3.49	-122	28.62	-30.69	6.54	5.88	0.89

Credit (USD)

Credit Ratios API ChatGPT

	2011 Y	2012 Y	2013 Y	2014 Y	2015 Y	2016 Y	2017 Y	2018 Y	2019 Y	2020 Y	2021 Y	2022 Y	2023 Y	2024 Y	2025 Y
As of date	12/31/2011	12/31/2012	12/31/2013	12/31/2014	12/31/2015	12/31/2016	12/31/2017	12/31/2018	12/31/2019	12/31/2020	12/31/2021	12/31/2022	12/31/2023	12/31/2024	12/31/2025

Total Debt	- -	- -	- -	40	427	21	3,021	135	336	418	2,777	3,884	5,564	6,330	8,101
ST Debt	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	125	112	63	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
LT Debt	- -	- -	- -	40	427	21	3,021	11	224	355	2,777	3,884	5,564	6,330	8,101
Total Debt/EBITDA	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	57.99	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Net Debt/EBITDA	11.26	- -	3.7	- -	- -	- -	- -	44.48	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Total Debt/EBIT	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Net Debt/EBIT	11.26	- -	3.7	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
EBITDA to Interest Expense	-1.88	- -	-0.91	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
EBITDA-CapEx/Interest Expense	-1.88	- -	-0.91	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
EBIT to Interest Expense	-1.88	- -	-0.91	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Interest Expense	2	- -	26	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Common Equity/Total Assets	14.8	13.05	14.74	16.52	15.98	18.82	14.59	13.94	13.26	12.23	10.41	5.55	5.03	4.67	3.91
Long-Term Debt/Equity (%)	- -	- -	- -	5.43	64.01	3.28	422.94	1.66	26.42	86.69	486.86	839.14	1,053.14	1,164.8	1,444.67
Long-Term Debt/Capital (%)	- -	- -	- -	5.15	39.03	3.17	80.88	1.37	18.93	42.89	82.96	89.35	91.33	92.09	93.53
Long-Term Debt/Total Assets (%)	- -	- -	- -	1.15	13.49	0.82	79.72	0.31	5.16	25.37	82.58	88.87	90.83	91.56	92.99
Total Debt/Equity (%)	- -	- -	- -	5.43	64.01	3.28	422.94	20.65	39.56	102.1	486.86	839.14	1,053.14	1,164.8	1,444.67
Total Debt/Capital (%)	- -	- -	- -	5.15	39.03	3.17	80.88	17.12	28.34	50.52	82.96	89.35	91.33	92.09	93.53
Total Debt/Total Assets (%)	- -	- -	- -	1.15	13.49	0.82	79.72	3.82	7.72	29.88	82.58	88.87	90.83	91.56	92.99
Net Debt to Equity	-17.38	-18.83	-12.24	-3.36	57.08	-4.72	420.81	15.84	29.93	90.4	474.93	820.86	1,032.04	1,142.96	1,434.36
Net Debt/Capital (%)	-21.04	-23.19	-13.94	-3.47	36.34	-4.96	80.8	13.67	23.04	47.48	82.61	89.14	91.17	91.95	93.48
EBITDA	-3	- -	-23	- -	- -	- -	- -	2	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
EBITDA-CapEx	-3	- -	-23	-1	- -	- -	-3	-23	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Operating Income (Loss)	-3	- -	-23	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -

Liquidity (USD)

Liquidity Ratios API ChatGPT

	2011 Y	2012 Y	2013 Y	2014 Y	2015 Y	2016 Y	2017 Y	2018 Y	2019 Y	2020 Y	2021 Y	2022 Y	2023 Y	2024 Y	2025 Y
As of date	12/31/2011	12/31/2012	12/31/2013	12/31/2014	12/31/2015	12/31/2016	12/31/2017	12/31/2018	12/31/2019	12/31/2020	12/31/2021	12/31/2022	12/31/2023	12/31/2024	12/31/2025

Cash Ratio	0.03	- -	1.41	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Current Ratio	0.04	- -	3.04	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Quick Ratio	0.03	- -	1.63	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
CFO/Avg Current Liab	- -	0.19	4.28	3.07	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Common Equity/Total Assets	14.8	13.05	14.74	16.52	15.98	18.82	14.59	13.94	13.26	12.23	10.41	5.55	5.03	4.67	3.91
Long-Term Debt/Equity (%)	- -	- -	- -	5.43	64.01	3.28	422.94	1.66	26.42	86.69	486.86	839.14	1,053.14	1,164.8	1,444.67
Long-Term Debt/Capital (%)	- -	- -	- -	5.15	39.03	3.17	80.88	1.37	18.93	42.89	82.96	89.35	91.33	92.09	93.53
Long-Term Debt/Total Assets (%)	- -	- -	- -	1.15	13.49	0.82	79.72	0.31	5.16	25.37	82.58	88.87	90.83	91.56	92.99
Total Debt/Equity (%)	- -	- -	- -	5.43	64.01	3.28	422.94	20.65	39.56	102.1	486.86	839.14	1,053.14	1,164.8	1,444.67
Total Debt/Capital (%)	- -	- -	- -	5.15	39.03	3.17	80.88	17.12	28.34	50.52	82.96	89.35	91.33	92.09	93.53
Total Debt/Total Assets (%)	- -	- -	- -	1.15	13.49	0.82	79.72	3.82	7.72	29.88	82.58	88.87	90.83	91.56	92.99
CFO/Total Liabilities	1.3	2.83	4.39	3.44	3.49	2.68	1.91	2.7	1.86	0.42	0.94	0.58	0.5	0.88	0.73
CFO/CapEx	- -	- -	- -	128.52	- -	- -	17.32	3.1	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Altman's Z-Score	-0.98	0.09	0.04	0.08	0.03	0.05	0.07	0.01	0.05	-0.63	-0.03	-0.12	-0.05	-0.03	-0.02

Working Capital (USD)

Working Capital Ratios API ChatGPT

	2011 Y	2012 Y	2013 Y	2014 Y	2015 Y	2016 Y	2017 Y	2018 Y	2019 Y	2020 Y	2021 Y	2022 Y	2023 Y	2024 Y	2025 Y
As of date	12/31/2011	12/31/2012	12/31/2013	12/31/2014	12/31/2015	12/31/2016	12/31/2017	12/31/2018	12/31/2019	12/31/2020	12/31/2021	12/31/2022	12/31/2023	12/31/2024	12/31/2025

Accounts Receivable Turnover	- -	2.6	-0.12	10.85	2.99	7.12	10.29	0.91	8.61	-47.46	11.17	-0.42	2.16	2.31	1.83
Days Sales Outstanding	- -	140.63	-2,969.9	33.64	122.19	51.25	35.46	400.92	42.4	-7.69	32.68	-859.04	169.17	158.08	199.68
Inventory Turnover	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Days Inventory Outstanding	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Accounts Payable Turnover	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Accounts Payable Turnover Days	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Cash Conversion Cycle	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Inventory to Cash Days	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Inventories	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Raw Materials	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Work In Process	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Finished Goods	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Other Inventory	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -

Enterprise Value (USD)

Enterprise Value API ChatGPT

	2011 Y	2012 Y	2013 Y	2014 Y	2015 Y	2016 Y	2017 Y	2018 Y	2019 Y	2020 Y	2021 Y	2022 Y	2023 Y	2024 Y	2025 Y
As of date	12/31/2011	12/31/2012	12/31/2013	12/31/2014	12/31/2015	12/31/2016	12/31/2017	12/31/2018	12/31/2019	12/31/2020	12/31/2021	12/31/2022	12/31/2023	12/31/2024	12/31/2025

Market Capitalization	- -	224	205	232	207	220	238	232	277	275	590	333	553	640	707
- Cash & Cash Equivalents	36	150	86	64	46	52	15	32	82	48	68	85	112	119	58
+ Preferred Equity and Hybrid Capital	- -	161	161	161	161	161	161	161	272	238	220	220	220	220	220
+ Minority/Non Controlling Interest	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Total Debt	- -	- -	- -	40	427	21	3,021	135	336	418	2,777	3,884	5,564	6,330	8,101
Enterprise Value	-36	236	280	368	749	350	3,405	497	804	884	3,520	4,352	6,227	7,072	8,970
Total Capital	206	795	704	772	1,094	677	3,735	791	1,185	828	3,347	4,346	6,093	6,873	8,662
Total Debt/Capital (%)	- -	- -	- -	5.15	39.03	3.17	80.88	17.12	28.34	50.52	82.96	89.35	91.33	92.09	93.53
Total Debt / EV	- -	- -	- -	0.11	0.57	0.06	0.89	0.27	0.42	0.47	0.79	0.89	0.89	0.9	0.9
EV/Sales	- -	1.58	- -	2.84	21.76	4.21	26.67	43.04	7.1	- -	36.59	- -	113.38	93.88	118.54
EV/EBITDA	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	212.74	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
EV/EBIT	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
EV/Cash Flow to Firm	- -	2.05	1.76	3.92	8.6	6.63	57.85	6.37	12.32	212.76	133.84	193.26	221.33	126.64	150.58
EV/Free Cash Flow to Firm	- -	2.05	1.76	3.89	8.6	6.63	54.7	4.82	12.32	212.76	133.84	193.26	221.33	126.64	150.58
Diluted Market Cap	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Diluted Enterprise Value	-36	12	75	137	542	130	3,167	265	527	609	2,929	4,019	5,673	6,432	8,263
EV per Share	- -	26.24	29.57	38.92	79.42	37.92	362.32	51.87	73.65	64.02	147.22	204.49	211.53	238.58	282.57
TTM Sales	- -	149	-8	130	34	83	128	12	113	-392	96	-7	55	75	76
TTM EBITDA	-3	- -	-23	- -	- -	- -	- -	2	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
TTM Operating Income	-3	- -	-23	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
TTM Cash Flow to Firm	- -	115	159	94	87	53	59	78	65	4	26	23	28	56	60
TTM Free Cash Flow to Firm	- -	115	159	95	87	53	62	103	65	4	26	23	28	56	60

Multiples (USD)

Valuation Multiples API ChatGPT

	2011 Y	2012 Y	2013 Y	2014 Y	2015 Y	2016 Y	2017 Y	2018 Y	2019 Y	2020 Y	2021 Y	2022 Y	2023 Y	2024 Y	2025 Y
As of date	12/31/2011	12/31/2012	12/31/2013	12/31/2014	12/31/2015	12/31/2016	12/31/2017	12/31/2018	12/31/2019	12/31/2020	12/31/2021	12/31/2022	12/31/2023	12/31/2024	12/31/2025

Price/Free Cash Flow	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
EV/EBIT	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Enterprise Value	-36	236	280	368	749	350	3,405	497	804	884	3,520	4,352	6,227	7,072	8,970
Low Price	- -	23.07	20.21	21.45	20.01	19.21	23.64	22.56	24	2.36	19.05	13.22	15.01	18.53	18.41
EV/Sales	- -	1.58	- -	2.84	21.76	4.21	26.67	43.04	7.1	- -	36.59	- -	113.38	93.88	118.54
EV/EBITDA	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	212.74	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Price/Earnings	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Price/Earnings Average	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Price/Earnings High	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Price/Earnings Low	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Price/Book Value	- -	0.35	0.38	0.41	0.41	0.44	0.43	0.47	0.48	1.61	1.69	1.37	1.8	1.98	2.08
Price/Book Value Average	- -	0.35	0.42	0.4	0.45	0.44	0.43	0.49	0.49	1.34	1.65	1.72	1.61	1.86	2.02
Price/Book Value High	- -	0.36	0.45	0.41	0.47	0.47	0.44	0.5	0.51	2.12	1.74	2.19	1.83	2.19	2.16
Price/Book Value Low	- -	0.33	0.35	0.36	0.37	0.36	0.4	0.44	0.45	0.19	1.3	1.16	1.44	1.7	1.72
Price/Tangible Book Value	- -	0.35	0.38	0.41	0.41	0.44	0.43	0.5	0.5	1.64	1.69	1.37	1.8	1.98	2.08
Price/Tangible Book Value Average	- -	0.35	0.42	0.4	0.45	0.44	0.43	0.52	0.5	1.36	1.65	1.72	1.61	1.86	2.02
Price/Tangible Book Value High	- -	0.36	0.45	0.41	0.47	0.47	0.44	0.53	0.52	2.16	1.74	2.19	1.83	2.19	2.16
Price/Tangible Book Value Low	- -	0.33	0.35	0.36	0.37	0.36	0.41	0.46	0.47	0.19	1.3	1.16	1.44	1.7	1.72
Price/Sales	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Price/Sales Average	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Price/Sales High	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Price/Sales Low	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Price/Cash Flow	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Price/Cash Flow Average	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Price/Cash Flow High	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Price/Cash Flow Low	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Price/Free Cash Flow Average	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Price/Free Cash Flow High	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Price/Free Cash Flow Low	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
EV/Sales Average	- -	1.58	- -	2.8	22.36	4.19	26.65	43.84	7.12	- -	36.47	- -	112.33	93.37	118.26
EV/Sales High	- -	1.6	- -	2.87	22.7	4.37	26.69	44.35	7.23	- -	36.79	- -	113.55	94.76	118.92
EV/Sales Low	- -	1.47	- -	2.62	21.23	3.7	26.54	41.67	6.96	- -	35.19	- -	111.35	92.68	116.92
EV/EBITDA Average	11.26	- -	-12.93	- -	- -	- -	- -	216.75	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
EV/EBITDA High	11.26	- -	-13.66	- -	- -	- -	- -	219.27	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
EV/EBITDA Low	11.26	- -	-11.44	- -	- -	- -	- -	206.02	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
EV/EBIT Average	11.26	- -	-12.93	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
EV/EBIT High	11.26	- -	-13.66	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
EV/EBIT Low	11.26	- -	-11.44	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Last Price	- -	24.95	21.64	24.48	21.95	23.82	25.33	24.2	25.4	19.94	24.69	15.64	18.8	21.59	22.26
High Price	- -	25.25	25.69	24.85	25.36	25.3	25.65	25.79	26.74	26.32	25.5	24.88	19.11	23.82	23.17
Enterprise Value Average	-36	236	301	363	769	349	3,402	506	807	838	3,508	4,436	6,169	7,032	8,949
Enterprise Value High	-36	239	318	372	781	364	3,408	512	818	972	3,539	4,549	6,236	7,138	8,999
Enterprise Value Low	-36	219	266	340	731	308	3,389	481	789	641	3,385	4,301	6,115	6,981	8,848

Shares Outstanding	3	9	9	9	9	9	9	10	11	14	24	21	29	30	32
Diluted Weighted Avg Shares	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Basic Weighted Avg Shares	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Revenue per Share	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
EBITDA per Share	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Operating Income per Share	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Basic EPS, GAAP	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Basic EPS from Cont Ops	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Diluted EPS, GAAP	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Diluted EPS from Cont Ops	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Dividend per Share	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Cash Flow per Share	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Free Cash Flow per Basic Share	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Cash & Equivalents per Share	10.74	16.65	9.12	6.8	4.91	5.68	1.62	3.3	7.49	3.47	2.85	3.98	3.79	4	1.82
Book Value per Share	61.82	70.48	57.45	60.4	53.64	53.57	58.85	51.64	52.83	12.4	14.64	11.39	10.46	10.9	10.72
Tangible Book Value per Share	61.82	70.48	57.45	60.33	53.59	53.53	58.31	48.86	51.2	12.17	14.64	11.39	10.46	10.9	10.72

AG Mortgage Investment Trust, Inc.

Profitability (USD)

Credit (USD)

Liquidity (USD)

Working Capital (USD)

Enterprise Value (USD)

Multiples (USD)

Per Share Data Items (USD)