FreightCar America, Inc.

RAIL

RAILFreightCar America, Inc. US flag

NASDAQ Global Select

8.97

USD

-0.63

- -

172.42MMarket Cap

Income Statement (USD)

API ChatGPT

	2011 Y	2012 Y	2013 Y	2014 Y	2015 Y	2016 Y	2017 Y	2018 Y	2019 Y	2020 Y	2021 Y	2022 Y	2023 Y	2024 Y	2025 Y
As of date	12/31/2011	12/31/2012	12/31/2013	12/31/2014	12/31/2015	12/31/2016	12/31/2017	12/31/2018	12/31/2019	12/31/2020	12/31/2021	12/31/2022	12/31/2023	12/31/2024	12/31/2025

Sales/Revenue/Turnover	487	677	290	599	773	524	409	317	230	108	203	365	358	559	501
+ Sales & Services Revenue	487	677	290	599	773	524	409	317	230	108	203	365	358	559	501
- Cost of Revenue	455	612	277	556	690	484	406	320	244	122	192	339	316	492	428
+ Cost of Goods & Services	455	612	277	556	690	484	406	320	244	122	192	339	316	492	428
Gross Profit	32	65	13	42	83	40	3	-4	-14	-14	11	26	42	67	73
+ Other Operating Income	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
- Operating Expenses	29	33	27	35	42	36	33	29	38	30	28	28	27	33	39
+ Selling, General & Admin	29	33	27	35	42	36	33	29	38	30	28	28	27	33	39
+ Research & Development	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Other Operating Expense	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Operating Income (Loss)	3	32	-14	7	41	4	-30	-33	-53	-43	-16	-2	14	34	34
- Non-Operating (Income) Loss	-2	-1	11	-1	-6	-12	1	-2	23	43	24	34	36	104	45
+ Interest Expense, Net	- -	- -	1	1	- -	- -	- -	- -	1	2	13	25	15	7	18
+ Interest Expense	- -	- -	1	1	- -	- -	- -	- -	1	2	13	25	15	7	18
- Interest Income	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Other Non-Op (Income) Loss	-2	-1	10	-3	-6	-12	1	-2	22	40	11	9	21	97	27
Pretax Income	5	33	-25	8	47	16	-31	-30	-75	-86	-40	-37	-22	-70	-11
- Income Tax Expense (Benefit)	- -	14	-6	3	15	3	-9	10	- -	- -	1	2	2	6	-49
- (Income) Loss from Affiliates	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Income (Loss) from Cont Ops	5	19	-19	6	32	12	-23	-41	-75	-86	-41	-39	-24	-76	38
- Net Extraordinary Losses (Gains)	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	-3	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Discontinued Operations	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Extraord. & Accounting Changes	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	-3	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Income (Loss) Incl. MI	5	19	-19	6	32	12	-23	-41	-75	-83	-41	-39	-24	-76	38
- Minority Interest	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	2	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Net Income, GAAP	5	19	-19	6	32	12	-23	-41	-75	-84	-41	-39	-24	-76	38
- Preferred Dividends	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	10	18	- -
- Other Adjustments	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Net Income Avail to Common, GAAP	5	19	-19	6	32	12	-23	-41	-75	-84	-41	-39	-33	-94	38
EBIT	3	32	-14	7	41	4	-30	-33	-53	-43	-16	-2	14	34	34
EBITDA	12	41	-4	17	51	14	-21	-21	-40	-34	-12	2	19	40	40
EBITDA Margin (%)	2.49	6	-1.43	2.86	6.6	2.59	-5.04	-6.53	-17.47	-31.46	-5.8	0.47	5.27	7.13	8.01
EBITA	3	32	-14	7	41	4	-30	-33	-53	-43	-16	-2	14	34	34
Gross Margin (%)	6.56	9.59	4.55	7.07	10.7	7.67	0.73	-1.15	-6.22	-12.45	5.64	7.08	11.66	11.98	14.61
Operating Margin (%)	0.67	4.76	-4.9	1.17	5.3	0.73	-7.32	-10.32	-22.87	-39.94	-7.92	-0.66	3.99	6.1	6.77
Profit Margin (%)	1.01	2.82	-6.64	0.99	4.12	2.35	-5.51	-12.82	-32.69	-77.87	-20.41	-10.65	-6.59	-13.55	7.61
Sales per Employee	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Dividend per Share	- -	0.24	0.24	0.24	0.36	0.36	0.27	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	0.91	- -
Depreciation Expense	9	8	10	10	10	10	9	12	12	9	4	4	5	6	6
Basic Weighted Avg Shares	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	13	21	25	28	31	32
Basic EPS, GAAP	0.41	1.6	-1.61	0.49	2.61	1.01	-1.84	-3.29	-6.09	-6.29	-2	-1.56	-1.17	-3.06	1.2
Basic EPS from Cont Ops	0.41	1.6	-1.61	0.49	2.61	1.01	-1.84	-3.29	-6.09	-6.41	-2	-1.56	-0.83	-2.47	1.2
Diluted Weighted Avg Shares	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	13	21	25	28	31	34
Diluted EPS, GAAP	0.41	1.6	-1.61	0.49	2.6	1.01	-1.84	-3.29	-6.09	-6.29	-2	-1.56	-1.17	-3.06	1.13
Diluted EPS from Cont Ops	0.41	1.6	-1.61	0.49	2.6	1.01	-1.84	-3.29	-6.09	-6.41	-2	-1.56	-0.83	-2.47	1.13

Balance Sheet (USD)

API ChatGPT

	2011 Y	2012 Y	2013 Y	2014 Y	2015 Y	2016 Y	2017 Y	2018 Y	2019 Y	2020 Y	2021 Y	2022 Y	2023 Y	2024 Y	2025 Y
As of date	12/31/2011	12/31/2012	12/31/2013	12/31/2014	12/31/2015	12/31/2016	12/31/2017	12/31/2018	12/31/2019	12/31/2020	12/31/2021	12/31/2022	12/31/2023	12/31/2024	12/31/2025

Total Current Assets	200	261	297	273	281	241	200	156	110	121	137	129	180	145	160
+ Cash, Cash Equivalents & STI	102	140	184	161	110	93	131	63	66	54	21	34	41	44	64
+ Cash & Cash Equivalents	102	99	146	114	83	93	88	45	66	54	21	34	41	44	64
+ ST Investments	- -	42	39	48	27	- -	43	18	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Accounts & Notes Receiv	10	13	4	4	40	38	8	18	8	14	49	18	10	16	19
+ Accounts Receivable, Net	10	13	4	4	40	25	8	18	7	9	10	10	6	13	12
+ Notes Receivable, Net	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Loans Receivable, Net	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Other Receivable, Net	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	13	- -	- -	1	4	40	8	4	4	6
+ Inventories	73	74	83	82	115	98	51	65	25	39	56	64	125	75	68
+ Raw Materials	5	6	6	6	5	2	3	4	5	4	40	51	71	- -	- -
+ Work In Process	67	68	44	76	108	84	42	60	20	34	11	5	31	- -	- -
+ Finished Goods	1	- -	17	- -	3	12	- -	- -	- -	- -	5	9	23	- -	- -
+ Inventory Adjustments	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Other Inventory	1	- -	17	- -	- -	- -	6	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	75	68
+ Other ST Assets	15	34	26	25	16	12	11	10	11	14	10	13	5	9	9
+ Misc ST Assets	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Prepaid Expenses	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ ST Derivative & Hedging Assets	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ ST Assets Held-for-Sale	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ ST Deferred Tax Assets	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Total Noncurrent Assets	145	127	120	112	126	98	96	134	136	62	64	71	79	79	130
+ Property, Plant & Equip, Net	91	83	76	66	67	70	62	110	134	59	55	69	77	78	71
+ Property, Plant & Equip	128	127	112	109	112	124	122	182	202	88	87	105	114	120	119
- Accumulated Depreciation	38	44	37	43	44	54	61	72	68	29	32	36	36	42	48
+ LT Investments & Receivables	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ LT Investments	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ LT Receivables	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Other LT Assets	54	45	45	46	59	28	34	24	2	3	9	2	2	2	59
+ Total Intangible Assets	26	25	24	24	22	22	22	22	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	5
+ Goodwill	22	22	22	22	22	22	22	22	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Other Intangible Assets	4	3	2	2	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	5
+ LT Deferred Tax Assets	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ LT Derivative & Hedging Assets	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Misc LT Assets	28	19	20	22	37	6	13	2	2	3	9	2	2	1	54
Total Assets	345	389	418	385	407	339	296	290	245	183	201	200	259	224	290
+ Payables & Accruals	42	48	27	49	56	46	33	46	21	26	56	58	94	58	65
+ Accounts Payable	28	33	16	34	34	35	23	35	12	18	41	48	84	50	56
+ Accrued Taxes	- -	- -	- -	- -	4	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Interest & Dividends Payable	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Other Payables & Accruals	13	14	11	15	18	11	10	11	10	9	14	9	10	9	9
+ ST Debt	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	15	29	2	41	31	5	12
+ ST Borrowings	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	18	- -	41	29	3	10
+ ST Finance Leases	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	15	12	2	- -	1	2	2
+ Other ST Liabilities	28	49	120	49	16	8	7	16	13	16	12	7	12	18	9
+ Deferred Revenue	18	- -	19	44	9	2	2	2	2	2	1	- -	6	9	1
+ Derivatives & Hedging	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Deferred Tax Liabilities	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Misc ST Liabilities	10	49	101	5	8	6	5	14	11	13	11	7	7	9	9
Total Current Liabilities	70	97	147	98	73	54	40	62	49	71	69	106	137	81	86
+ LT Debt	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	64	56	96	87	44	155	141
+ LT Borrowings	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	10	38	79	51	- -	106	98
+ LT Finance Leases	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	54	19	17	35	44	49	43
+ Other LT Liabilities	78	81	68	88	99	28	24	34	15	25	37	36	124	139	171
+ Accrued Liabilities	- -	- -	- -	- -	12	11	12	22	5	3	1	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Pension Liabilities	74	77	64	81	79	13	11	11	7	7	- -	1	1	1	1
+ Deferred Revenue	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Deferred Tax Liabilities	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Derivatives & Hedging	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Misc LT Liabilities	4	4	4	8	8	4	- -	1	3	15	36	35	123	138	170
Total Noncurrent Liabilities	78	81	68	88	99	28	24	34	79	81	133	122	168	294	312
Total Liabilities	148	177	215	187	172	82	64	96	128	152	202	228	306	374	397
+ Preferred Equity and Hybrid Capital	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Share Capital & APIC	100	101	99	100	94	92	90	91	83	82	84	89	94	70	73
+ Common Stock	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Additional Paid in Capital	100	100	99	100	94	92	90	91	83	82	84	89	94	69	73
- Treasury Stock	36	34	31	30	18	15	13	10	1	1	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Retained Earnings	155	171	149	152	180	188	161	121	46	-39	-80	-119	-143	-221	-183
+ Other Equity	-22	-26	-15	-24	-21	-8	-8	-8	-11	-12	-6	1	2	1	2
Equity Before Minority Interest	197	211	203	199	235	257	232	194	117	30	-2	-29	-46	-150	-107
+ Minority/Non Controlling Interest	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Total Equity	197	211	203	199	235	257	232	194	117	30	-2	-29	-46	-150	-107
Total Liabilities & Equity	345	389	418	385	407	339	296	290	245	183	201	200	259	224	290
Shares Outstanding	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	12	13	16	16	17	18	19	19
Number of Employees	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Capital Leases - Total	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	69	30	19	35	46	51	45
Net Debt	-102	-99	-146	-114	-83	-93	-88	-45	-56	1	58	58	-11	64	43
Net Debt to Equity	-51.62	-46.61	-71.84	-57.14	-35.33	-36.1	-37.88	-23.28	-47.85	4.02	-3,514.55	-204.32	24.12	-42.57	-39.98
Tangible Common Equity Ratio	53.62	51.2	45.28	48.39	55.38	74.08	76.61	64.16	47.78	16.69	-0.83	-14.31	-17.81	-67.25	-39.38
Current Ratio	2.87	2.7	2.02	2.78	3.87	4.45	4.96	2.51	2.22	1.7	1.97	1.22	1.31	1.79	1.87
Cash Conversion Cycle	41.8	31.63	82.66	40.35	45.36	76.15	52.02	48.91	45.59	83.53	55.82	27.26	53.07	25.17	24.7

Cash Flow Statement (USD)

API ChatGPT

	2011 Y	2012 Y	2013 Y	2014 Y	2015 Y	2016 Y	2017 Y	2018 Y	2019 Y	2020 Y	2021 Y	2022 Y	2023 Y	2024 Y	2025 Y
As of date	12/31/2011	12/31/2012	12/31/2013	12/31/2014	12/31/2015	12/31/2016	12/31/2017	12/31/2018	12/31/2019	12/31/2020	12/31/2021	12/31/2022	12/31/2023	12/31/2024	12/31/2025

+ Net Income	5	19	-19	6	32	12	-23	-41	-75	-86	-41	-39	-24	-76	38
+ Depreciation & Amortization	9	8	10	10	10	10	9	12	12	9	4	4	5	6	6
+ Non-Cash Items	-1	12	7	3	-6	-24	-6	13	32	52	20	30	36	106	-11
+ Stock-Based Compensation	2	2	2	2	2	1	1	3	1	1	3	2	1	3	4
+ Deferred Income Taxes	-1	10	-6	2	-3	23	-6	10	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	-52
+ Asset Impairment Charge	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	19	- -	5	4	- -	- -
+ Other Non-Cash Adj	-2	-1	10	-1	-6	-48	- -	- -	30	32	17	23	30	103	37
+ Chg in Non-Cash Work Cap	17	14	34	-25	-101	2	59	-16	12	-34	-38	17	-12	9	1
+ (Inc) Dec in Accts Receiv	-6	-3	9	- -	-38	16	16	-11	11	-7	-25	25	5	-7	-1
+ (Inc) Dec in Inventories	-8	-1	-10	1	-37	17	51	-16	41	-18	-12	-8	-61	55	3
+ (Inc) Dec in Prepaid Assets	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Inc (Dec) in Accts Payable	17	6	-22	21	3	-6	-13	12	-26	-1	8	8	40	-39	6
+ Inc (Dec) in Other	14	12	57	-46	-29	-25	5	-1	-13	-8	-9	-8	4	-1	-7
+ Net Cash From Disc Ops	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Cash from Operating Activities	30	53	32	-6	-66	- -	40	-32	-19	-59	-55	12	5	45	35
+ Change in Fixed & Intang	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Disp in Fixed & Intang	12	11	7	16	25	- -	- -	2	17	- -	- -	- -	8	- -	- -
+ Disp of Fixed Prod Assets	12	11	7	16	25	- -	- -	2	17	- -	- -	- -	8	- -	- -
+ Disp of Intangible Assets	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Acq of Fixed & Intang	-2	-9	-17	-12	-25	-14	-1	-40	-6	-10	-2	-8	-13	-5	-3
+ Acq of Fixed Prod Assets	-2	-9	-17	-12	-25	-14	-1	-40	-6	-10	-2	-8	-13	-5	-3
+ Acq of Intangible Assets	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Cash (Repurchase) of Equity	- -	- -	- -	- -	-1	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Increase in Capital Stock	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Decrease in Capital Stock	- -	- -	- -	- -	-1	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Net Change in LT Investment	- -	-42	3	-9	21	27	-43	25	18	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Dec in LT Investment	- -	- -	63	60	54	27	43	137	20	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Inc in LT Investment	- -	-42	-60	-69	-33	- -	-86	-111	-2	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Net Cash From Acq & Div	- -	- -	- -	- -	18	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Cash from Divestitures	- -	- -	- -	- -	18	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Cash for Acq of Subs	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Cash for JVs	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
+ Other Investing Activities	1	-13	7	2	-3	1	-2	1	1	4	- -	- -	- -	- -	-6
+ Net Cash From Disc Ops	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Cash from Investing Activities	10	-53	-1	-3	36	14	-45	-11	31	-6	-2	-8	-4	-5	-9
+ Dividends Paid	- -	-3	-3	-3	-4	-4	-3	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	-28	- -
+ Net Cash From Debt	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	10	64	46	17	-20	83	-4
+ Cash From Debt	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	10	64	113	267	300	142	15
+ Repayments of Debt	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	-67	-250	-320	-59	-19
+ Other Financing Activities	- -	- -	18	-20	5	- -	- -	- -	-1	-11	-17	-9	22	-92	-2
+ Net Cash From Disc Ops	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Cash from Financing Activities	- -	-3	15	-23	-1	-5	-3	- -	9	53	29	8	2	-36	-6
Effect of Foreign Exchange Rates	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Net Changes in Cash	40	-3	47	-32	-30	10	-8	-43	21	-12	-28	12	3	4	20
EBITDA	12	41	-4	17	51	14	-21	-21	-40	-34	-12	2	19	40	40
EBITDA Margin (%)	2.49	6	-1.43	2.86	6.6	2.59	-5.04	-6.53	-17.47	-31.46	-5.8	0.47	5.27	7.13	8.01
Free Cash Flow	28	44	15	-18	-91	-14	39	-71	-25	-69	-58	4	-8	40	31
Net Cash Paid for Acquisitions	- -	- -	- -	- -	-18	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Free Cash Flow to Firm	28	44	- -	-17	-91	-13	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -	- -
Free Cash Flow to Equity	40	54	22	-2	-66	-14	39	-69	3	-5	-11	21	-29	105	27
Free Cash Flow per Basic Share	2.36	3.68	1.25	-1.49	-7.48	-1.11	3.2	-5.78	-1.99	-5.12	-2.78	0.15	-0.28	1.3	0.99
Price/Free Cash Flow	7.88	4.32	6.42	55.13	-5.9	13.02	5.08	10.45	-1.91	-0.66	-1.44	4.11	4.38	5.51	9.8
Cash Flow to Net Income	6.07	2.78	-1.67	-1.02	-2.07	0.02	-1.79	0.78	0.25	0.7	1.34	-0.3	-0.2	-0.59	0.91
Capital Expenditures	-2	-9	-17	-12	-25	-14	-1	-40	-6	-10	-2	-8	-13	-5	-3