Aspen Technology, Inc.

Aspen Technology, Inc.

AZPN
Aspen Technology, Inc.US flagNASDAQ Global Select
264.33
USD
- -
- -
16.73BMarket Cap

Income Statement (USD)

APIChatGPT
2010 Y
2011 Y
2012 Y
2013 Y
2014 Y
2015 Y
2016 Y
2017 Y
2018 Y
2019 Y
2020 Y
2021 Y
2022 Y
2023 Y
2024 Y
As of date
06/30/2010
06/30/2011
06/30/2012
06/30/2013
06/30/2014
06/30/2015
06/30/2016
06/30/2017
06/30/2018
06/30/2019
06/30/2020
06/30/2021
06/30/2022
06/30/2023
06/30/2024
Sales/Revenue/Turnover
166
198
243
311
391
440
472
494
508
597
599
709
- -
1,044
1,127
+ Sales & Services Revenue
166
198
243
311
391
440
472
494
508
597
599
709
- -
1,044
1,127
- Cost of Revenue
66
52
52
50
53
50
49
47
51
58
62
60
- -
374
383
+ Cost of Goods & Services
66
52
52
50
53
50
49
47
51
58
62
60
- -
374
383
Gross Profit
100
146
191
261
339
391
424
447
457
539
537
649
- -
671
745
+ Other Operating Income
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- Operating Expenses
208
201
206
205
209
211
212
230
249
258
280
291
- -
854
834
+ Selling, General & Admin
160
150
150
143
141
141
145
151
167
175
188
197
- -
644
628
+ Research & Development
48
51
56
63
68
70
67
80
82
83
92
94
- -
209
206
+ Other Operating Expense
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Operating Income (Loss)
-108
-55
-15
56
130
180
211
217
208
281
257
358
- -
-183
-90
- Non-Operating (Income) Loss
-7
-11
- -
-2
1
- -
1
-20
-18
-20
-22
-26
- -
-2
-46
+ Interest Expense, Net
-11
-8
-3
-3
-1
- -
1
-19
-19
-20
-21
-30
- -
-32
-54
+ Interest Expense
8
5
4
- -
- -
- -
1
4
6
9
12
7
- -
- -
- -
- Interest Income
19
13
8
3
1
- -
- -
23
25
28
33
37
- -
32
54
+ Other Non-Op (Income) Loss
4
-3
3
1
2
1
- -
-1
1
-1
-1
3
- -
29
8
Pretax Income
-101
-44
-15
57
129
179
211
237
226
302
279
385
- -
-181
-44
- Income Tax Expense (Benefit)
7
-54
-1
12
43
61
71
58
-55
40
50
65
- -
-73
-34
- (Income) Loss from Affiliates
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Income (Loss) from Cont Ops
-107
10
-14
45
86
118
140
179
281
261
230
320
- -
-108
-10
- Net Extraordinary Losses (Gains)
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ Discontinued Operations
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ Extraord. & Accounting Changes
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Income (Loss) Incl. MI
-107
10
-14
45
86
118
140
179
281
261
230
320
- -
-108
-10
- Minority Interest
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Net Income, GAAP
-107
10
-14
45
86
118
140
179
281
261
230
320
- -
-108
-10
- Preferred Dividends
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- Other Adjustments
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Net Income Avail to Common, GAAP
-107
10
-14
45
86
118
140
179
281
261
230
320
- -
-108
-10
EBIT
-108
-55
-15
56
130
180
211
217
208
281
257
358
- -
-183
-90
EBITDA
-102
-49
-10
61
135
186
217
223
214
289
267
369
- -
308
403
EBITDA Margin (%)
-61.13
-24.97
-4.13
19.53
34.47
42.24
46.03
45.13
42.25
48.48
44.58
51.97
- -
29.53
35.78
EBITA
-108
-55
-15
56
130
180
211
217
208
281
257
358
- -
-183
-90
Gross Margin (%)
60.26
73.58
78.5
83.83
86.54
88.74
89.71
90.4
90.02
90.31
89.71
91.52
- -
64.22
66.07
Operating Margin (%)
-65.07
-27.67
-6.3
17.85
33.14
40.82
44.75
43.83
40.97
47.12
42.99
50.52
- -
-17.53
-7.94
Profit Margin (%)
-64.59
5.18
-5.68
14.54
21.91
26.89
29.63
36.28
55.41
43.8
38.36
45.08
- -
-10.32
-0.87
Sales per Employee
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Dividend per Share
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Depreciation Expense
7
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
7
8
10
10
- -
491
493
Basic Weighted Avg Shares
91
93
94
94
93
88
83
76
72
70
68
68
- -
65
64
Basic EPS, GAAP
-1.18
0.11
-0.15
0.48
0.93
1.34
1.69
2.35
3.9
3.74
3.38
4.71
- -
-1.67
-0.15
Basic EPS from Cont Ops
-1.18
0.11
-0.15
0.48
0.93
1.34
1.69
2.35
3.9
3.74
3.38
4.71
- -
-1.67
-0.15
Diluted Weighted Avg Shares
91
96
94
95
94
89
83
77
73
71
69
68
- -
65
64
Diluted EPS, GAAP
-1.18
0.11
-0.15
0.47
0.92
1.33
1.68
2.33
3.85
3.69
3.34
4.67
- -
-1.67
-0.15
Diluted EPS from Cont Ops
-1.18
0.11
-0.15
0.47
0.92
1.33
1.68
2.33
3.85
3.69
3.34
4.67
- -
-1.67
-0.15

Balance Sheet (USD)

APIChatGPT
2010 Y
2011 Y
2012 Y
2013 Y
2014 Y
2015 Y
2016 Y
2017 Y
2018 Y
2019 Y
2020 Y
2021 Y
2022 Y
2023 Y
2024 Y
As of date
06/30/2010
06/30/2011
06/30/2012
06/30/2013
06/30/2014
06/30/2015
06/30/2016
06/30/2017
06/30/2018
06/30/2019
06/30/2020
06/30/2021
06/30/2022
06/30/2023
06/30/2024
Total Current Assets
250
254
261
285
330
264
361
146
389
426
650
768
1,047
833
876
+ Cash, Cash Equivalents & STI
125
150
165
189
267
215
321
102
96
72
288
380
450
241
237
+ Cash & Cash Equivalents
125
150
165
132
200
156
318
102
96
72
288
380
450
241
237
+ ST Investments
- -
- -
- -
57
68
59
3
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ Accounts & Notes Receiv
111
85
73
53
41
31
20
28
279
342
348
361
557
553
603
+ Accounts Receivable, Net
83
28
31
37
39
31
20
28
42
48
56
53
111
123
116
+ Notes Receivable, Net
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ Loans Receivable, Net
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ Other Receivable, Net
28
57
41
16
2
- -
- -
- -
238
294
291
309
446
430
488
+ Inventories
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ Raw Materials
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ Work In Process
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ Finished Goods
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ Inventory Adjustments
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ Other Inventory
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ Other ST Assets
14
19
24
43
22
17
20
17
13
12
15
27
41
39
36
+ Misc ST Assets
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ Prepaid Expenses
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ ST Derivative & Hedging Assets
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ ST Assets Held-for-Sale
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ ST Deferred Tax Assets
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Total Noncurrent Assets
144
158
107
97
78
52
58
102
464
437
573
686
13,922
13,653
13,196
+ Property, Plant & Equip, Net
8
7
7
8
8
18
16
13
10
7
41
38
95
86
113
+ Property, Plant & Equip
38
38
37
41
43
54
53
51
51
48
84
81
113
105
137
- Accumulated Depreciation
30
31
30
33
36
36
38
38
42
41
43
43
18
18
23
+ LT Investments & Receivables
- -
- -
- -
35
31
3
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ LT Investments
- -
- -
- -
35
31
3
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ LT Receivables
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ Other LT Assets
136
151
100
54
39
31
43
88
454
429
532
648
13,827
13,567
13,082
+ Total Intangible Assets
20
21
21
21
21
19
29
73
112
113
181
206
13,380
12,990
12,513
+ Goodwill
17
19
19
19
19
17
23
51
76
78
137
160
8,267
8,331
8,328
+ Other Intangible Assets
2
3
2
2
1
1
6
21
36
35
44
46
5,113
4,660
4,185
+ LT Deferred Tax Assets
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ LT Derivative & Hedging Assets
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ Misc LT Assets
117
130
79
33
19
12
13
16
343
316
351
442
447
576
569
Total Assets
395
412
368
383
408
315
420
248
853
863
1,223
1,454
14,970
14,486
14,072
+ Payables & Accruals
57
67
30
26
26
29
26
33
13
30
11
19
49
107
118
+ Accounts Payable
6
2
3
1
- -
5
4
5
4
6
4
4
21
20
8
+ Accrued Taxes
1
1
1
2
2
2
- -
2
2
15
2
3
7
46
44
+ Interest & Dividends Payable
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ Other Payables & Accruals
50
64
26
23
23
22
22
26
7
9
5
11
21
40
65
+ ST Debt
30
16
11
- -
- -
- -
140
140
170
220
142
27
35
13
13
+ ST Borrowings
30
16
11
- -
- -
- -
140
140
170
220
135
20
28
- -
- -
+ ST Finance Leases
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
7
7
7
13
13
+ Other ST Liabilities
68
91
155
190
241
268
266
294
48
71
81
96
216
233
207
+ Deferred Revenue
68
91
144
178
229
251
253
272
15
25
43
56
143
151
124
+ Derivatives & Hedging
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ Deferred Tax Liabilities
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ Misc ST Liabilities
- -
- -
12
11
12
17
14
22
33
45
38
40
73
81
82
Total Current Liabilities
156
174
196
215
267
296
433
467
231
321
234
142
301
352
337
+ LT Debt
46
9
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
325
303
318
55
85
+ LT Borrowings
46
9
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
292
273
246
- -
- -
+ LT Finance Leases
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
33
30
72
55
85
+ Other LT Liabilities
52
71
59
65
58
67
62
41
214
180
197
209
1,182
1,007
837
+ Accrued Liabilities
20
38
45
54
46
43
38
35
208
177
194
206
1,166
988
818
+ Pension Liabilities
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
1
6
- -
+ Deferred Revenue
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ Deferred Tax Liabilities
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ Derivatives & Hedging
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ Misc LT Liabilities
32
33
14
12
11
24
24
6
6
4
3
3
14
13
18
Total Noncurrent Liabilities
98
80
59
65
58
67
62
41
214
180
522
512
1,500
1,063
921
Total Liabilities
254
254
255
281
324
364
495
509
445
501
757
653
1,801
1,415
1,259
+ Preferred Equity and Hybrid Capital
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ Share Capital & APIC
525
540
557
586
601
652
669
698
726
749
780
830
13,108
13,194
13,278
+ Common Stock
9
9
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
- -
- -
- -
+ Additional Paid in Capital
516
531
548
576
591
642
659
687
715
739
769
820
13,108
13,194
13,278
- Treasury Stock
1
11
57
141
263
561
741
1,116
1,316
1,616
1,766
1,816
- -
84
407
+ Retained Earnings
-391
-381
-395
-350
-264
-146
-6
157
997
1,229
1,458
1,778
66
-41
-51
+ Other Equity
8
9
8
7
9
6
3
1
1
- -
-5
9
-5
2
-7
Equity Before Minority Interest
141
158
114
102
84
-49
-75
-261
408
362
466
801
13,169
13,071
12,813
+ Minority/Non Controlling Interest
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Total Equity
141
158
114
102
84
-49
-75
-261
408
362
466
801
13,169
13,071
12,813
Total Liabilities & Equity
395
412
368
383
408
315
420
248
853
863
1,223
1,454
14,970
14,486
14,072
Shares Outstanding
92
94
93
94
92
85
80
73
71
69
68
68
64
64
63
Number of Employees
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Capital Leases - Total
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
40
36
79
68
98
Net Debt
-49
-125
-154
-132
-200
-156
-178
38
74
148
140
-87
-176
-241
-237
Net Debt to Equity
-34.62
-79.26
-136
-129.97
-238.45
321.86
237.67
-14.59
18.1
40.91
29.96
-10.83
-1.34
-1.85
-1.85
Tangible Common Equity Ratio
32.33
34.92
26.64
22.39
16.27
-22.6
-26.68
-190.31
39.98
33.17
27.39
47.67
-13.22
5.38
19.24
Current Ratio
1.61
1.46
1.34
1.32
1.24
0.89
0.84
0.31
1.69
1.33
2.77
5.43
3.48
2.36
2.6
Cash Conversion Cycle
186.11
73.98
28.24
27.74
30.85
7.89
-13.25
-16.93
-9.96
-4.54
2.46
2.64
- -
20.49
25.03

Cash Flow Statement (USD)

APIChatGPT
2010 Y
2011 Y
2012 Y
2013 Y
2014 Y
2015 Y
2016 Y
2017 Y
2018 Y
2019 Y
2020 Y
2021 Y
2022 Y
2023 Y
2024 Y
As of date
06/30/2010
06/30/2011
06/30/2012
06/30/2013
06/30/2014
06/30/2015
06/30/2016
06/30/2017
06/30/2018
06/30/2019
06/30/2020
06/30/2021
06/30/2022
06/30/2023
06/30/2024
+ Net Income
-107
10
-14
45
86
118
140
179
281
261
230
320
- -
-108
-10
+ Depreciation & Amortization
7
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
7
8
10
10
- -
491
493
+ Non-Cash Items
17
-58
7
20
54
34
15
24
-84
- -
74
69
- -
-56
-78
+ Stock-Based Compensation
15
10
12
15
14
15
16
19
23
28
32
34
- -
85
57
+ Deferred Income Taxes
-2
-64
-5
5
35
20
2
5
-109
-27
28
12
- -
-193
-167
+ Asset Impairment Charge
- -
1
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ Other Non-Cash Adj
4
-4
-1
- -
6
- -
-3
- -
3
- -
14
23
- -
52
32
+ Chg in Non-Cash Work Cap
123
106
106
76
55
33
-7
-27
3
-31
-70
-123
- -
-28
-66
+ (Inc) Dec in Accts Receiv
107
78
53
33
11
8
9
-12
16
-64
-41
-116
- -
-47
-17
+ (Inc) Dec in Inventories
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ (Inc) Dec in Prepaid Assets
9
-1
-4
4
1
4
-6
-2
4
-2
-5
-13
- -
8
-40
+ Inc (Dec) in Accts Payable
-2
-13
-2
-5
1
6
-4
-9
1
22
-23
- -
- -
18
46
+ Inc (Dec) in Other
9
41
58
45
42
15
-6
-3
-18
13
- -
6
- -
-7
-54
+ Net Cash From Disc Ops
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Cash from Operating Activities
39
63
105
147
200
192
154
182
207
238
243
276
- -
299
340
+ Change in Fixed & Intang
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ Disp in Fixed & Intang
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ Disp of Fixed Prod Assets
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ Disp of Intangible Assets
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ Acq of Fixed & Intang
-3
-3
-4
-5
-4
-8
-3
-3
- -
- -
-1
-1
- -
-7
-4
+ Acq of Fixed Prod Assets
-3
-3
-4
-5
-4
-8
-3
-3
- -
- -
-1
-1
- -
-7
-4
+ Acq of Intangible Assets
-1
- -
- -
-1
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ Cash (Repurchase) of Equity
- -
-11
-46
-85
-122
-297
-179
-362
-192
-288
-143
-20
- -
-63
-274
+ Increase in Capital Stock
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
9
13
11
9
26
- -
37
26
+ Decrease in Capital Stock
- -
-11
-46
-85
-122
-297
-179
-371
-205
-299
-152
-46
- -
-100
-300
+ Net Change in LT Investment
- -
- -
- -
-93
-8
35
59
3
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-26
- -
+ Dec in LT Investment
- -
- -
- -
5
60
86
59
686
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ Inc in LT Investment
- -
- -
- -
-98
-68
-50
- -
-684
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
-26
- -
+ Net Cash From Acq & Div
- -
- -
-3
- -
- -
- -
-8
-36
-34
-6
-75
-17
- -
-73
-9
+ Cash from Divestitures
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ Cash for Acq of Subs
- -
- -
-3
- -
- -
- -
-8
-36
-34
-6
-75
-17
- -
-73
-9
+ Cash for JVs
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ Other Investing Activities
- -
-2
-1
1
-1
- -
- -
- -
- -
-1
- -
-1
- -
-1
-13
+ Net Cash From Disc Ops
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Cash from Investing Activities
-3
-5
-7
-97
-13
27
47
-37
-34
-8
-76
-20
- -
-107
-26
+ Dividends Paid
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ Net Cash From Debt
-35
-59
-80
-11
- -
- -
278
- -
60
100
211
-135
- -
-276
- -
+ Cash From Debt
10
5
10
- -
- -
- -
280
- -
60
100
574
- -
- -
- -
- -
+ Repayments of Debt
-44
-64
-90
-11
- -
- -
-2
- -
- -
- -
-363
-135
- -
-276
- -
+ Other Financing Activities
3
35
44
14
2
36
-138
- -
-47
-66
-18
-10
- -
-45
-20
+ Net Cash From Disc Ops
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
- -
Cash from Financing Activities
-32
-34
-82
-82
-120
-261
-39
-362
-178
-255
49
-165
- -
-384
-294
Effect of Foreign Exchange Rates
-1
1
- -
- -
- -
-1
- -
- -
- -
- -
-1
1
- -
-17
-13
Net Changes in Cash
4
24
16
-33
67
-42
162
-216
-6
-24
216
91
- -
-192
20
EBITDA
-102
-49
-10
61
135
186
217
223
214
289
267
369
- -
308
403
EBITDA Margin (%)
-61.13
-24.97
-4.13
19.53
34.47
42.24
46.03
45.13
42.25
48.48
44.58
51.97
- -
29.53
35.78
Free Cash Flow
35
60
100
141
196
184
150
180
207
238
242
275
- -
293
335
Net Cash Paid for Acquisitions
- -
- -
3
- -
- -
- -
8
36
34
6
75
17
- -
73
9
Free Cash Flow to Firm
- -
- -
- -
141
196
184
151
183
- -
245
252
281
- -
- -
- -
Free Cash Flow to Equity
1
1
21
131
196
184
429
180
266
338
453
140
- -
17
335
Free Cash Flow per Basic Share
0.39
0.65
1.07
1.51
2.11
2.09
1.81
2.35
2.86
3.4
3.56
4.05
- -
4.53
5.27
Price/Free Cash Flow
23.67
24.89
19.94
18.07
21.25
20.31
21.32
22.98
32.64
36.85
29.12
33.96
- -
35.42
36.75
Cash Flow to Net Income
-0.36
6.17
-7.58
3.24
2.33
1.62
1.1
1.02
0.74
0.91
1.06
0.86
- -
-2.78
-34.79
Capital Expenditures
-3
-3
-4
-5
-4
-8
-3
-3
- -
- -
-1
-1
- -
-7
-4